Prevalence and phenomenology of olfactory hallucinations in Parkinson's disease: Table 1

Bannier, Stéphanie; Berdagué, Jean‐Louis; Rieu, Isabelle; Chazeron, Ingrid de; Marqués, Ana; Derost, Philippe; Ulla, Miguel; Llorca, Pierre‐Michel; Durif, Franck

doi:10.1136/jnnp-2012-302414

Cited by 31 publications

(37 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…In this study [158] different ambiguous images were presented and patients were asked to describe images: incongruent descriptions were interpreted as suggesting the occurrence of paraidolias and thus as evidencing predisposition to VH. A similar method was used to study oltactory hallucinations [159].…”

Section: Box 3 Generating Visual Hallucinations In Parkinson's Diseasmentioning

confidence: 99%

Visual Hallucinations in PD and Lewy Body Dementias: Old and New Hypotheses

Onofrj

Taylor

Monaco

et al. 2013

Behavioural Neurology

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Abstract. Visual Hallucinations (VH) are a common non-motor symptom of Parkinson's Disease (PD) and the Lewy body dementias (LBD) of Parkinson's disease with dementia (PDD) and Dementia with Lewy Bodies (DLB). The origin of VH in PD and LBD is debated: earlier studies considered a number of different possible mechanisms underlying VH including visual disorders, Rapid Eye Movement (REM) Sleep Intrusions, dysfunctions of top down or bottom up visual pathways, and neurotransmitter imbalance. More recently newer hypotheses introduce, among the possible mechanisms of VH, the role of attention networks (ventral and dorsal) and of the Default Mode Network (DMN) a network that is inhibited during attentional tasks and becomes active during rest and self referential imagery. Persistent DMN activity during active tasks with dysfunctional imbalance of dorsal and ventral attentional networks represents a new hypothesis on the mechanism of VH. We review the different methods used to classify VH and discuss reports supporting or challenging the different hypothetical mechanisms of VH.

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Section: Box 3 Generating Visual Hallucinations In Parkinson's Diseasmentioning

confidence: 99%

Visual Hallucinations in PD and Lewy Body Dementias: Old and New Hypotheses

Onofrj

Taylor

Monaco

et al. 2013

Behavioural Neurology

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“…Olfactory hallucinations are extremely rare and reported in 2.1%-10% of study populations in different studies. [3233] [Table 6]…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A clinical profile of patients with Parkinson′s disease and psychosis

Amar

Yadav

Reddy

et al. 2014

Ann Indian Acad Neurol

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Aims:The aim of the study was to study the clinical profile of the patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) and psychosis.Settings and Design:This was a prospective, cross sectional, hospital-based study done at the Department of Neurology, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bangalore, India from September 2009 to January 2011. All patients with PD, diagnosed by United Kingdom PD Society Brain Bank criteria, having with features of psychosis as diagnosed by the neuropsychiatric inventory (NPI) were included. Patients without a caregiver who could validate the patient's symptoms were excluded.Results:A total of 40 patients (5 women, 35 men) with PD with psychosis (mean age: 54.2 ± 11.5 years, mean duration of illness: 6.5 ± 4.5 years, and mean duration of psychosis: 4.3 ± 4.3 years) were included in the study. The Global NPI score was 19.1 ± 11.5. Majority of the patients had pure hallucinations (85%), while the rest had either pure delusions (7.5%) or a combination of delusions and hallucinations (7.5%). In those with hallucinations, visual hallucinations were the commonest (60%) (pure only in 22.5%), followed by auditory (45%), minor hallucinations (45%), and tactile (20%). Only one person reported having olfactory hallucinations (2.5%). Loss of insight was most often observed during the visual hallucinations (52%), followed by tactile (44.4%), auditory (38.9 %), and minor hallucinations (33.3%).Conclusions:In patients with PD and psychosis, pure hallucinations are common and visual hallucinations are the commonest among the hallucinations. A large proportion of patients have minor hallucinations, which need to be recognized early for effective and early management. The limitations of the study were small sample size, use of a single scale to assess psychosis and subjective assessment of insight.

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“…Hallucinations occur in 15-75% of patients with PD (Fenelon et al, 2000;Forsaa et al, 2010), generally increasing over the course of the disease (Hely et al, 2005). Visual hallucinations are the most common (30-40%) (Fenelon et al, 2000;Tousi and Frankel, 2004) followed by AH (10%) (Fenelon et al, 2000) and OGH (around 10%) mostly olfactory hallucinations (Bannier et al, 2012). CH have been also described (Jimenez-Jimenez et al, 1997) but no study has specifically established their prevalence in PD patients.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%