Prevalence and Possible Risk Factors Associated With Overweight and Obesity Among Adults in Mayo Area in Khartoum State-Sudan

Abstract

This is a descriptive cross -sectional community based study, was carried out among adults in Mayo area in Khartoum State -Sudan, aims to estimate the prevalence of and to identify the possible risk factors associated with overweight and obesity among adults. Data were collected from 397 participants (57.7% females and 42.3% males). Using a pre tested structured questionnaire to collect sociodemographic characteristics such as (Sex, age group, marital status, monthly income, educational level, and family history of obesity), some possible risk factor such as (Number of meals per day, snacks, watching TV, sleeping, using appetizers, stress and physical exercise) and anthropometric measurement of weight and height to calculate the BMI. The prevalence of overweight and obesity among adults was 20.2% and 10.1% respectively. The results showed the overweight and obesity were more prevalent among females than males 25.3%, 13.1% and 13.5%, 5.3% respectively (P = 0.0001). The finding showed there was statistical association between overweight /or obesity and marital status, educational level, monthly income, number of meals snacks) P. values = (0.0011, 0.0001, 0.022, 0.0001 and 0.0004) respectively. Also physical activity, watching TV more than 3hours per day, using appietizers and sleeping for more than eight hours per day were considered as factors associated with overweight and obesity P. values = (0.011, 0.008, 0.0001 and 0.0001) respectively. The results showed there is no statistical relationship between age group and family history (P > 0.05).

Magnitude and risks of overweight/obesity among adults in Welkite town, Southern Ethiopia: A community based cross-sectional study

“…This study revealed that the respondents who spent their time watching TV or films, playing games, using the computer or internet, sitting at a desk, sitting with friends, traveling in a car, or reading greater or equal to 181 minutes a day were more likely to be overweight or obese. This finding is in line with a study among adults in the Mayo area in Khartoum State-Sudan and a study among women in Addis Ababa [20,28]. This might be explained that sedentary behavior increases physical inactivity.…”

“…This finding is supported by EDHS reports of 2016 [18]. Similarly, the studies in Sudan, Dar as Salaam-Tanzania, United States, and Benin reported a higher proportion of overweight or obesity among females than men [20,22,29,44]. The variation might be explained by different distribution in risk factors (e.g., biological variation-women gain weight during menopause, physical activity, and work intensity) between women and men across the community [46,47].…”

“…The odds of overweight or obesity among physically inactive people were higher compared to physically active people. This finding is supported by the study among adults in the Mayo area in Khartoum State-Sudan, Afghanistan, Ghana, and Turkey [20,23,48,55]. This might be explained by the fact that physical activities increase people's total energy expenditure, and it can keep energy balance or weight loss [2,41].…”

“…The data were collected using an interviewer-guided structured questionnaire. Most of the questionnaire was adapted from the WHO global physical activity questionnaire and nutritional status and lifestyle questionnaire from RenaiSante Institute of Integrated Medicine [39,43] and the rest was partially adapted from the literature such as Kinondoni municipal district, Dar es Salaam Tanzania [22] and Mayo area in Khartoum State-Sudan [20]. Frequency of meat, cheese, vegetables, fruits, alcohol, bread, and cereals, physical activity intensity, walking or using a bicycle, doing sports, fitness, or recreational activities continuously, and time usually spend sitting or reclining on a typical day were taken from the reference mentioned.…”

“…The survey also indicated that overweight/obesity in Addis Ababa has increased from 19.9% in 2011 to 29.4% in 2016 among women and from 12.4% to 19.6% among men in the same year [18,19]. Most of the studies showed the proportion of overweight and obesity higher in women than men [20][21][22][23], and urban settings have a higher percentage of overweight and obesity than rural settings [24][25][26][27]. The result of different studies depicts that overweight and obesity had a direct relationship with age (the proportion of BMI increases with increased age) [28][29][30].…”