Prevalence and predicting factors of metabolic-associated fatty liver disease diagnosed by transient elastography with controlled attenuation parameters in HIV-positive people

Abstract

Metabolic disorders are increasing in people living with HIV (PLWH), and metabolic associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) has become a common complication. A cross-sectional study was conducted in HIV-positive persons receiving anti-retroviral therapy (ART), in order to determine the prevalence and predicting factors of MAFLD in PLWH. All participants underwent bioelectrical impedance analysis, ultrasonography, and transient elastography with controlled attenuation parameter (CAP). MAFLD was defined as CAP ≥248 dB/m. Significant fibrosis was defined when liver stiffness measurement >7.0 kPa. Predicting factors of MAFLD were determined using logistic regression analysis. Of 150 participants, 48 (32.0%) had MAFLD. Significant fibrosis was diagnosed in 5 (10.4%) participants in the MAFLD group. Blood pressure, waist circumference, body mass index (BMI), percentage of fat, serum transaminases, HbA1c, LDL, and triglycerides levels were significantly higher in the MAFLD group ( p < 0.05). High BMI [odds ratio (OR) 1.596; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.336–1.907, p < 0.001], triglycerides level >150 mg/dl [OR 3.722; 95% CI, 1.508–9.187, p < 0.004], and advanced age [OR 1.076; 95% CI, 1.017–1.139, p < 0.011] were associated with MAFLD in the multivariate analysis. MAFLD is common in PLWH receiving ART, while significant fibrosis is relatively infrequent. High BMI, age, and triglycerides level are the predicting factors of MAFLD in PLWH.

Uncovering the NAFLD burden in people living with HIV from high‐ and middle‐income nations: a meta‐analysis with a data gap from Subsaharan Africa

“…[18] and included two additional references that fulfilled the review's inclusion/exclusion criteria. Twenty‐four articles ( n = 24) were finally included [40–63]. Table S2 in the Supplementary File lists a number of key articles that were excluded from the present SR (reasons for exclusion are provided in the Table).…”

The Relationship between Visceral Adiposity and Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease Diagnosed by Controlled Attenuation Parameter in People with HIV: A Pilot Study

“…Visceral fat is a key element in the development of multiple non-AIDS comorbid disease states, including cardiovascular disease and liver disease, which became leading causes of death among PWH in the ART era [ 11 ]. The development of age-related comorbidities is driven by metabolic-dysfunction and HIV-specific contributors [ 25 ]. Obesity, and particularly VAT accumulation, are associated with systemic and adipose tissue inflammation, dyslipidemia, insulin resistance and excess oxidative stress.…”

Redefining non-alcoholic fatty liver disease to metabolic associated fatty liver disease: Is this plausible?

“…The MAFLD criteria were found more accurate than older NAFLD criteria when analyzing momentous hepatic fibrosis in the patients with cardiovascular disease[ 31 , 32 ], chronic kidney disease[ 33 ], and appraisal of genetic risk factors[ 34 ] in fatty liver disease. It also implies that MAFLD may coexist with other liver diseases, for instance, hepatitis B and C[ 15 , 35 - 37 ], HIV infection[ 38 ], Gaucher[ 39 ], and coeliac disease[ 40 ], hence making it more plausible than NAFLD. Table 1 shows all the studies comparing the two terms[ 41 - 44 ].…”