Prevalence and Predictive Factors of Hypertension Among People Living With HIV in Kebbi State, Nigeria: A Cross-sectional Study

Badru, Oluwaseun Abdulganiyu; Oduola, Taofik; Abdulrazaq, Aisha; Peter, C.

doi:10.1097/jnc.0000000000000309

Cited by 9 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…The main finding and key message of our study is the very high prevalence of HTN in PLWH despite their young age (almost 20%), of whom almost half are unaware of their condition. The prevalence of 17.5% in our population is comparable to those reported in Nigeria 29 , Zimbabwe 30 , South Africa 31 Zambia 32 and Tanzania 33 , but lower than those reported in Uganda 34 , Cameroon 35 , Brazil 36 , China 17 , 18 Ugandan rural study 37 and Argentina 38 . Similarly, our findings are higher than those reported in Ethiopia 16 , 39 , 40 and Kenya 41 .…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 67%

Hypertension and associated factors in HIV-infected patients receiving antiretroviral treatment in Burundi: a cross-sectional study

Harimenshi

Niyongabo

Preux

et al. 2022

Sci Rep

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Currently, the life expectancy of people living with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and the general population are similar. Hypertension is a major public health issue in Africa and is largely underdiagnosed. Most HIV-infected individuals, especially those on Anti-Retroviral Therapy (ART) have hypertension. Our project aims to determine the prevalence of hypertension and associated factors amongst HIV-infected adults treated by ART in Burundi. A cross-sectional study was conducted among HIV-infected subjects over the age of 20, managed in five healthcare centers for people living with HIV (PLWH). The World Health Organization STEPWISE survey and anthropometric measurements were employed. Blood pressure was measured according to the ESC 2018 recommendations. 1 250 HIV-infected patients aged between 35.4 and 50.2 years were included (18.4% men). The prevalence of hypertension was 17.4% (95% CI 13.2–22.1). Approximately 47.25% of HIV patients with hypertension were previously undiagnosed. Other factors were associated with HTN, such as being overweight (OR 2.88; 95% CI 1.46–5.62), obesity (OR 2.65; 95% CI 1.27–5.55), longer duration of HIV infection: ≥ 10 years (OR 1.04; 95% CI 1.14–3.20), diabetes (OR 2.1; 95% CI 1.37–3.32) and age (OR 1.13; 95% CI 1.09–1.14). Despite their young age, almost 20% of HIV-ART treated patients had hypertension, 50% of these were undiagnosed. Blood pressure monitoring is crucial in these patients, especially those identified as high-risk, with prompt life and disability-saving interventions.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 67%

Hypertension and associated factors in HIV-infected patients receiving antiretroviral treatment in Burundi: a cross-sectional study

Harimenshi

Niyongabo

Preux

et al. 2022

Sci Rep

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“…The association of older age, male sex and overweight/obesity with HTN and T2DM in this HIV population is in keeping with what was reported in the general population in Cameroon [ 20 , 21 , 29 ]. Similarly, our findings agree with other studies [ 30 – 32 , 42 , 43 ] conducted in PLWH in SSA. This suggests that these traditional cardiovascular risk factors of older age, male sex and overweight/obesity are also the main drivers of HTN and T2DM in PLWH.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Coprevalence and associations of diabetes mellitus and hypertension among people living with HIV/AIDS in Cameroon

Ebasone,

Dzudie,

Peer

et al. 2024

AIDS Res Ther

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Background The association between HIV infection and increased cardiometabolic risk, attributed to chronic inflammation in people living with HIV (PLWH) and/or antiretroviral therapy (ART) effects, has been inconsistent. In this study, we aimed to assess the associations of HIV-related factors with hypertension (HTN) and type-2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), and the potential mediation effects of body mass index (BMI) in the associations between ART use and HTN or T2DM in PLWH in Cameroon. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted with 14,119 adult PLWH from Cameroon enrolled in the International epidemiology Databases to Evaluate AIDS (IeDEA) between 2016 and 2021. HTN was defined as systolic/diastolic blood pressure ≥ 140/90 mmHg and/or current use of antihypertensive medication, while T2DM was defined as fasting blood sugar ≥ 126 mg/dL and/or use of antidiabetic medications. Univariable and multivariable multinomial logistic regression analyses examined the associations of factors with HTN alone, T2DM alone, and both (HTN + T2DM). Mediation analyses were conducted to assess the potential mediation roles of BMI, while controlling for age, sex, and smoking. Results Of the 14,119 participants, 9177 (65%) were women, with a median age of 42 (25th–75th percentiles: 35–51) years. Age > 50 years was associated with HTN alone, T2DM alone, and HTN + T2DM compared to the age group 19–29 years. Men had higher odds of having HTN + T2DM. Overweight and obesity were predictors of HTN alone compared to being underweight. WHO stages II and III HIV disease were inversely associated with HTN alone compared to stage I. The odds of diabetes alone were lower with ART use. BMI partially mediated the association between ART use and hypertension, with a proportion of mediation effect of 49.6% (all p < 0.02). However, BMI did not mediate the relationship between ART use and diabetes. Conclusions Traditional cardiovascular risk factors were strongly associated with hypertension among PLWH, while HIV-related exposures had smaller associations. BMI partially mediated the association between ART use and hypertension. This study emphasizes the importance of screening, monitoring, and managing HTN and T2DM in older, male, and overweight/obese PLWH. Further research on the associations of HIV disease stage and ART use with HTN and T2DM is warranted.

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“…These results are comparable to the previous documented a high prevalence of hypertension among HIV positive patient. [40][41][42] These results highlight the disparity in the magnitude of hypertension among persons living with HIV in SSA countries which may associated with a number of reasons such as genetic and socio-economic conditions, duration of disease and clinical outcomes, behavioural issues, types of therapies received and study settings. These results collaborated with the prior studies.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 89%

Prevalence and Factors Associated with Hypertension Among HIV Positive Patients on Antiretroviral Therapy: A Hospital-Based Cross-Sectional Study in Rwanda

Uwanyirigira,

Biracyaza,

Uzabakiriho

et al. 2023

VHRM

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The human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and the use of antiretroviral therapy (ART) are influential elements contributing to hypertension, which is a public health concern particularly in sub-Saharan Africa where its underdiagnosis and limited investigation persist. Moreover, hypertension prevails at higher rates among individuals living with HIV (PLWH) in comparison to the general population. Therefore, our study determined the prevalence of hypertension and its associated factors among PLWH who are undergoing ART treatment at Byumba District Hospital. Methods: A cross-sectional study design was conducted among 406 PLWH over the age of 14 years who were undergoing ART within the HIV department. We performed statistical analyses using STATA version 13. Significant independent variables identified in the bivariate analysis were further exported in a multivariable logistic regression model to ascertain their association with hypertension. This model elucidated factors associated with hypertension, presenting outcomes through odds ratios and their respective 95% confidence intervals, with statistical significance set at p < 0.05. Results: The prevalence of hypertension was 24.7%, which means that roughly 1 in 4 PLWH were hypertensive. Notably, individuals aged 41 years and above demonstrated a significant association with heightened hypertension [AOR = 4.49; 95% CI = 2.45-8.21, p < 0.001] in contrast to those aged between 14 and 40 years. Additionally, smokers [AOR = 12.12; 95% CI = 4.48-32.74, p < 0.001] and individuals with a family history of hypertension [AOR = 4.28; 95% CI = 1.01-18.13, p = 0.049] demonstrated a higher likelihood of hypertension than their counterparts. Moreover, alcohol consumers [AOR = 5.5; 95% CI = 2.75-10.9, p < 0.001] had an increased likelihoods of hypertension compared to non-drinkers. Lastly, diabetics were almost 6 times more likely to be hypotensive [AOR = 4.50; 95% CI = 2.55-7.95, p = 0.018] when compared to those without diabetes. Conclusion: Our findings strongly underscore the urgency for the implementation of targeted programs aimed at enhancing awareness and comprehension of the factors and potential complications tied to hypertension among PLWH. Such programs could be integrated into routine HIV care services to provide patients with the information and skills required to manage their hypertension effectively.

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Prevalence and Predictive Factors of Hypertension Among People Living With HIV in Kebbi State, Nigeria: A Cross-sectional Study

Cited by 9 publications

References 26 publications

Hypertension and associated factors in HIV-infected patients receiving antiretroviral treatment in Burundi: a cross-sectional study

Hypertension and associated factors in HIV-infected patients receiving antiretroviral treatment in Burundi: a cross-sectional study

Coprevalence and associations of diabetes mellitus and hypertension among people living with HIV/AIDS in Cameroon

Prevalence and Factors Associated with Hypertension Among HIV Positive Patients on Antiretroviral Therapy: A Hospital-Based Cross-Sectional Study in Rwanda

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