Prevalence and predictors for the ability to run in children and adolescents with cerebral palsy

Böhm, Harald; Wanner, Philipp; Rethwilm, Roman; Döderlein, Leonhard

doi:10.1016/j.clinbiomech.2018.07.014

Cited by 19 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…The study included children who were GMFCS level I (ability to perform gross motor skills including running) and II (minimal ability to perform gross motor skills including running) [ 12 , 18 ]. In retrospectively searching for up to the last 30 children with diplegic CP that underwent clinical gait analysis, five out of 25 participants at Erie, (three GMFCS Level I and two Level II) and three out of 33 participants at Spokane (all GMFCS level II) did not meet the criteria for running and were excluded from the study.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For children and adolescents rated at GMFCS level II mobility, it can be expected that not all participants can run since this category was defined as having minimal ability to run and jump [ 12 ]. The prevalence of running ability has been reported as 55% of children and adolescents with diplegic CP rated at GMFCS level II [ 18 ]. In practice, children at each center who did not achieve running upon visual assessment during their gait analysis did not have running data collected at all, regardless of GMFCS level.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In practice, children at each center who did not achieve running upon visual assessment during their gait analysis did not have running data collected at all, regardless of GMFCS level. Considering these exclusions and previous work on runners and non-runners [ 18 ], there is a potential for more children with CP at GMFCS levels I and II that do not have running ability. This supports our finding that children with diplegic CP do not run closer to typically developing children than they walk because they may not achieve running at all when quantitatively measured.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Children with Cerebral Palsy Have Similar Walking and Running Quality Assessed by an Overall Kinematic Index

Kelly

McMulkin

Franklin

et al. 2021

IJERPH

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Running ability is critical to maintaining activity participation with peers. Children and adolescents with cerebral palsy (CP) are often stated to run better than they walk, but running is not often quantitatively measured. The purpose of this study was to utilize overall gait deviation indices to determine if children with diplegic CP run closer to typically developing children than they walk. This retrospective comparative study utilized 3D running kinematics that were collected after walking data at two clinical motion analysis centers for children with diplegic cerebral palsy. Separate walking and running Gait Deviation Indices (GDI Walk and GDI* Run), overall indices of multiple plane/joint motions, were calculated and scaled for each participant so that a typically developing mean was 100 with standard deviation of 10. An analysis of variance was used to compare the variables Activity (walking vs running) and Center (data collected at two different motion analysis laboratories). Fifty participants were included in the study. The main effect of Activity was not significant, mean GDI Walk = 76.4 while mean GDI* Run = 77.1, p = 0.84. Mean GDI scores for walking and running were equivalent, suggesting children with diplegic cerebral palsy as a group have similar walking and running quality. However, individual differences varied between activities, emphasizing the need for individual assessment considering specific goals related to running.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Children with Cerebral Palsy Have Similar Walking and Running Quality Assessed by an Overall Kinematic Index

Kelly

McMulkin

Franklin

et al. 2021

IJERPH

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“…For example, specific bony procedures, such as femoral or tibial derotation osteotomies, might be beneficial for the ability to run since they improve the muscular lever arms [ 13 ] and, therefore, enhance the muscle force output that is needed for running. Furthermore, in a previous study we identified rectus femoris muscle spasticity to be a negative predictor for the ability to run, whereas, gastrocnemius spasticity was a positive predictor [ 14 ]. Consequently, muscle tenotomies of the rectus femoris might be beneficial and calf muscle lengthening could be detrimental.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Ability to Run in Young People with Cerebral Palsy before and after Single Event Multi-Level Surgery

Rethwilm

Böhm

Döderlein³

et al. 2021

JPM

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The objective of the study is to identify and evaluate possible factors that influence the ability to run before and after single event multi-level surgery (SEMLS). Young patients (6–25 years) with spastic cerebral palsy (GMFCSI-II) were retrospectively included. Type and number of surgical procedures, time for recovery and 3D gait analysis variables were analyzed with respect to the ability to run. In total, 98 patients (38 females; 60 males) who received SEMLS (12 years, SD 3.4) were included and compared to a control group of 71 conservatively treated patients. Of 60 runners pre-surgery, 17 (28%) lost the ability, while gained in 8 of 38 (21%) non-runners. The number of surgical procedures was a significant predictor and those who lost their ability to run had significantly more (mean = 5.9, SD = 1.7), compared to the patients who gained the ability (mean = 3.5, SD = 0.9). Further, pre-surgical function (e.g., gait speed) was significantly different (p < 0.001). Pre-surgical function and the number of surgical procedures seem to play an important role for the gain or loss of the ability to run after surgery. Caution is warranted in patients with lower pre-surgical function and the ability to run, as they seem at a higher risk to lose the ability.

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“…Children with cerebral palsy are classified into five groups according to the Gross Motor Function Classification System (GMFCS) (Palisano et al, 2007). Children in GMFCS Level I are able to run, albeit with some A C C E P T E D M A N U S C R I P T 3 | P a g e limitations, while about half the children in GMFCS level II are able to run, with more difficulty than those children in GMFCS level I (Böhm et al, 2018). Three-dimensional gait analysis is often undertaken to describe the effect of neuromuscular impairments or intervention on the gait of people with cerebral palsy (Böhm et al, 2018).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effect of joint translation constraint on within-participant variability of kinematics and kinetics during running in cerebral palsy

Chappell

Liew

Murphy

et al. 2019

Clinical Biomechanics

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show abstract

Prevalence and predictors for the ability to run in children and adolescents with cerebral palsy

Cited by 19 publications

References 35 publications

Children with Cerebral Palsy Have Similar Walking and Running Quality Assessed by an Overall Kinematic Index

Children with Cerebral Palsy Have Similar Walking and Running Quality Assessed by an Overall Kinematic Index

The Ability to Run in Young People with Cerebral Palsy before and after Single Event Multi-Level Surgery

The effect of joint translation constraint on within-participant variability of kinematics and kinetics during running in cerebral palsy

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