Prevalence and predictors of depression in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus: a cross-sectional study

Abstract

ObjectiveThe purpose of this study was to estimate the prevalence and examine the predictors of depression in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE).MethodsThis cross-sectional study was conducted in the rheumatology clinic of a university hospital. All SLE patients that met the revised American College of Rheumatology (ACR) classification were included in the study. Sociodemographic data and medications were recorded. Disease activity for SLE was assessed with the Mexican-SLE Disease Activity Index (Mex-SLEDAI). All subjects were screened for anxiety and depression by using the Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale (HAM-A) and the 17-item version of the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAM-D17). Multiple linear regression analyses were used to determine predictors of depressive disorder.ResultsA total of 62 SLE (61 females and 1 male) patients participated in the study. Based on HAM-D17 and HAM-A, rates of depression and anxiety in SLE patients were 45.2% and 37.1%, respectively. The multiple linear regression analysis revealed that HAM-A score and younger age were significant predictors of depression in SLE patients.ConclusionThe findings suggest that depression and anxiety are common in SLE patients. In addition, higher levels of anxiety and a younger age may increase the risk of depression. Because of the small sample size, further studies should be conducted to confirm these results.

Cytokine secretion and the risk of depression development in patients with connective tissue diseases

“…Chronic pain can independently contribute to the pathogenesis of depression, through elevation of inflammatory cytokines IL‐1β, IL‐6, and TNF‐α . Here, we review the prevalence and characteristics of depression, and its correlation to the levels of inflammatory cytokines and disease activity among different CTD (Tables and ).…”

Healthcare burden of depression in adults with arthritis

“…The prevalence of depression ranged from 4% in Canada to 66.3% in Egypt among individuals with RA [28,43], 4.1% in Taiwan to 61.3% in Brazil among individuals with OA [88,90], and from 15% in China (Mainland) to 45.2% in the Thailand among individuals with SLE [114,139]. Further, international studies examining the prevalence of depression among individuals with arthritis also reported substantial variations [140].…”

Blockade of nociceptin/orphanin FQ receptor signaling reverses LPS-induced depressive-like behavior in mice

“…This hypothesis was first proposed based on the high incidence of immunological abnormalities in patients diagnosed with major depression compared to the general population (Herbert and Cohen, 1993) and the development of depression in patients with no prior history of affective disorders undergoing immunotherapy (Raison et al, 2006). Subsequent studies have begun to establish a link between depression and inflammatory conditions such as auto-immune diseases, multiple sclerosis, cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, obesity, as well as with others clinical conditions linked with inflammation such as asthma and allergies (Maneeton et al, 2013;Marrie et al, 2009;Brydon et al, 2009;Walker et al, 2011).…”