Prevalence and Predictors of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus among Pregnant Women Attending Fanara Family Center, in Egypt

Abstract

Background: Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (GDM) is the most common metabolic disorder during pregnancy. It is associated with maternal and fetal complications. Screening for GDM and its risk factors is essential for the early diagnosis and management. Aim: This study aimed to improve pregnancy outcomes through assessing the prevalence and predictors of GDM among pregnant females attending Fanara family practice center between the 24 th and the 28 th weeks of gestation. Subjects and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted on 130 pregnant women. Non-probability consecutive sampling was applied to all patients who attended the antenatal care clinic in Fanara family practice center. The participants were interviewed using a structured questionnaire including socio-demographic scale and risk factors assessment. They were also subjected to physical examination and investigations. Results: The prevalence of GDM among included participants was estimated to be 6%. Participants with GDM had a significantly higher mean maternal age compared to participants without GDM. The most common risk factors for GDM in the current study were family history of diabetes and prior history of abortion. Conclusion: Early detection of GDM and controlling of its risk factors are necessary for better maternal and fetal outcome.

Universal screening of gestational diabetes mellitus in Upper Egypt: Prospective cohort study of the prevalence, risk factors, and short-term outcomes

“…16 On the other hand, two studies performed in North Egypt demonstrated a relatively lower prevalence rate of 8% and 6%. 17,18 In these four studies, the number of studied cases was relatively small (700, 355, 250, and 150 respectively). In addition to the small sample size, there were variations in the applied diagnostic criteria and the socio-demographic characteristics of the studied populations.…”

“…20 These findings were also observed in earlier studies. 9,16,18,[21][22][23] The Hyperglycemia and Adverse Pregnancy Outcomes (HAPO) Study Cooperative Research Group has demonstrated that higher maternal BMI was associated with an increased likelihood of pregnancy complications, including complications related to fetal growth, adiposity, and preeclampsia. 24 Regarding the risk factors for developing GDM, the present study found that women with a past history of GDM had a four-fold increased risk of GDM (OR 4.03 2.94-5.52).…”

Intermittent Fasting, Dietary Modifications, and Exercise for the Control of Gestational Diabetes and Maternal Mood Dysregulation: A Review and a Case Report

“…Obesity among Egyptian females strongly correlates with prevalence of GDM, greater expression of diabetes-related autoantibodies, and subsequent development of T2DM after childbirth [ 11 , 12 ]. Other risk factors for GDM in Egypt include maternal age over 35 years, high blood pressure and pre-eclampsia, family history of diabetes, urban living, lower levels of education, and prior history of GDM, abortion, induced labor, and macrosomia (large for gestational age) [ 13 , 14 , 15 ]. Unfortunately, reports on the prevalence of GDM in Egypt (6–8.9%) originate from a few small-scale studies [ 13 , 14 , 15 ].…”

“…Other risk factors for GDM in Egypt include maternal age over 35 years, high blood pressure and pre-eclampsia, family history of diabetes, urban living, lower levels of education, and prior history of GDM, abortion, induced labor, and macrosomia (large for gestational age) [ 13 , 14 , 15 ]. Unfortunately, reports on the prevalence of GDM in Egypt (6–8.9%) originate from a few small-scale studies [ 13 , 14 , 15 ]. Nevertheless, this prevalence is considerably lower than the overall stated prevalence of GDM in Africa (13.6%) [ 16 ], and it is less likely to reflect the actual magnitude of GDM in Egypt given that the studies may not be representative of the population—the sample sizes were relatively small (130–700 participants), and estimation of a sample size was not performed in any of these studies.…”

“…Furthermore, the subjects included were from small cities or rural areas. In these regions, women do not usually have proper access to healthcare services (e.g., due to lack of transportation and lower levels of education): urban residency and lower levels of education affect the prevalence of GDM in Egypt [ 13 , 14 , 15 ].…”