Prevalence and Predictors of Home Use of Glucometers in Diabetic Patients

Farhan, Syed Ali; Shaikh, Ali Tariq; Zia, Maria; Kahara, Bilal R; Muneer, Ramsha; Rehman, Muzna; Mubashir, Ayesha; Sadiq, Hassaan; Siddiqui, Durr-e-Amna; Haseeb, Syed; Tanveer, Hafsa; Siddiq, Khadijah; Mujtaba, Saib B; Mirza, Samir; Feroz, Hira; Fatima, Kaneez

doi:10.7759/cureus.1330

Cited by 16 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…Further, because of the presence of anemia and hemoglobinopathies in many countries (India, Sub‐Saharan Africa, China), the HbA1c values may be discordant with blood glucose concentrations, posing difficulties with diagnosis and monitoring . Self‐monitoring of blood glucose is poor, with the costs of the glucometer and testing strips being primary factors …”

Section: Challenges In Diagnosis and Monitoringmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diabetes in developing countries

Misra

Gopalan

Jayawardena

et al. 2019

Journal of Diabetes

195

129

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Highlights• Diabetes in developing countries is increasing and often undiagnosed. In South Asians, diabetes and related metabolic abnormalities develop at a younger age and at a lower body mass index and waist circumference than in Whites. • Overall glycemic control and management of diabetes is suboptimal, driven by multiple factors (eg, unawareness, cost of drugs and insulin etc.), and the load of complications is high. • To stem this epidemic, strong actions for prevention and management are required using innovative and low-cost approaches. AbstractThere has been a rapid escalation of type 2 diabetes (T2D) in developing countries, with varied prevalence according to rural vs urban habitat and degree of urbanization. Some ethnic groups (eg, South Asians, other Asians, and Africans), develop diabetes a decade earlier and at a lower body mass index than Whites, have prominent abdominal obesity, and accelerated the conversion from prediabetes to diabetes. The burden of complications, both macro-and microvascular, is substantial, but also varies according to populations. The syndemics of diabetes with HIV or tuberculosis are prevalent in many developing countries and predispose to each other. Screening for diabetes in large populations living in diverse habitats may not be cost-effective, but targeted high-risk screening may have a place. The cost of diagnostic tests and scarcity of health manpower pose substantial hurdles in the diagnosis and monitoring of patients. Efforts for prevention remain rudimentary in most developing countries. The quality of care is largely poor; hence, a substantial number of patients do not achieve treatment goals. This is further amplified by a delay in seeking treatment, "fatalistic attitudes", high cost and non-availability of drugs and insulins. To counter these numerous challenges, a renewed political commitment and mandate for health promotion and disease prevention are urgently needed. Several low-cost innovative approaches have been trialed with encouraging outcomes, including training and deployment of non-medical allied health professionals and the use of mobile phones and telemedicine to deliver simple health messages for the prevention and management of T2D.

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Section: Challenges In Diagnosis and Monitoringmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diabetes in developing countries

Misra

Gopalan

Jayawardena

et al. 2019

Journal of Diabetes

195

129

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Even at hospital settings in the capital city of Bangladesh nearly three-fourth of the diabetic patients does not use SMBG ( Table 1 ). With almost similar socioeconomic status and type 2 diabetes burdens, Pakistan (a regional country) has a substantially lower proportion (41%) of SMBG nonusers in two different hospital settings like Government and Private hospitals in Karachi [ 14 ]. A proportion (66%), almost comparable to Bangladesh, has been reported from an African country, Western Kenya [ 5 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Proportion and predictors of SMBG use among type 2 diabetic subjects in three tertiary care hospitals in Dhaka City

Nayeem

Chowdhury

Afroze

et al. 2021

Heliyon

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Aims The aim was to find out the proportion of Self-monitoring of Blood Glucose (SMBG) Users and factors affecting the nonuse in three large hospitals of Dhaka city. Methods Under an observational cross-sectional design 598 type 2 diabetic subjects were recruited (convenient sampling) from the OPDs of 3 large tertiary care hospitals [one public hospital (PUBH), one Not-for-profit Hospital (NFPPH), and one For-profit private hospital (FPPH)] in Dhaka City. Data were analyzed by both univariate and multivariate analysis as appropriate. Results Overall 71% of subjects were SMBG Nonusers (PUBH 86%, NFPPH 67%, and FPPH 46%). Monthly income status and advice showed the highest impact (OR 4.66 and 3.74 respectively) on the use. Physicians (54%), relatives (34%), and friends (8.2%) were the major sources of advice. Irregular diabetes check-up and distrust of results were also among the major reasons for not using SMBG among the Nonusers. Conclusion Nearly three-fourth of type 2 diabetic patients in Dhaka city do not use SMBG and the proportion is especially high in public hospitals. Poor income status of patients, lack of coordinated advice/motivation by Caregivers, irregularity in diabetes checking, and distrust on results are major predictors for not using SMBG by the patients.

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“…However, the extraction of blood with conventional needles is painful, which causes reluctance in patients to collect blood samples regularly. MNAs as a minimally invasive and painless method can facilitate the development of point-of-care (POC) blood collection ( Farhan et al., 2017 ; Vincze et al., 2004 ).…”

Section: Emerging Applications In Biomedical Engineeringmentioning

confidence: 99%

3D-printed microneedles in biomedical applications

et al. 2021

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Conventional needle technologies can be advanced with emerging nano-and micro-fabrication methods to fabricate microneedles. Nano-/micro-fabricated microneedles seek to mitigate penetration pain and tissue damage, as well as providing accurately controlled robust channels for administrating bioagents and collecting body fluids. Here, design and 3D printing strategies of microneedles are discussed with emerging applications in biomedical devices and healthcare technologies. 3D printing offers customization, cost-efficiency, a rapid turnaround time between design iterations, and enhanced accessibility. Increasing the printing resolution, the accuracy of the features, and the accessibility of low-cost raw printing materials have empowered 3D printing to be utilized for the fabrication of microneedle platforms. The development of 3D-printed microneedles has enabled the evolution of pain-free controlled release drug delivery systems, devices for extracting fluids from the cutaneous tissue, biosignal acquisition, and point-of-care diagnostic devices in personalized medicine.

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Prevalence and Predictors of Home Use of Glucometers in Diabetic Patients

Cited by 16 publications

References 24 publications

Diabetes in developing countries

Diabetes in developing countries

Proportion and predictors of SMBG use among type 2 diabetic subjects in three tertiary care hospitals in Dhaka City

3D-printed microneedles in biomedical applications

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