Introduction
Co-crystal of tramadol-celecoxib (CTC) is the first analgesic co-crystal for acute pain. This completed phase 3 multicenter, double-blind trial assessed the efficacy and safety/tolerability of CTC in comparison with that of tramadol in the setting of moderate-to-severe pain up to 72 h after elective third molar extraction requiring bone removal.
Methods
Adults (
n
= 726) were assigned randomly to five groups (2:2:2:2:1): orally administered twice-daily CTC 100 mg (44 mg
rac
-tramadol hydrochloride/56 mg celecoxib;
n
= 164), 150 mg (66/84 mg;
n
= 160) or 200 mg (88/112 mg;
n
= 160); tramadol 100 mg four times daily (
n
= 159); or placebo four times daily (
n
= 83). Participants in CTC groups also received twice-daily placebo. The full analysis set included all participants who underwent randomization. The primary endpoint was the sum of pain intensity differences over 0 to 4 h (SPID
0–4
; visual analog scale). Key secondary endpoints included 4-h 50% responder and rescue medication use rates. Safety endpoints included adverse events (AEs), laboratory measures, and Opioid-Related Symptom Distress Scale (OR-SDS) score.
Results
All CTC doses were superior to placebo (
P
< 0.001) for primary and key secondary endpoints. All were superior to tramadol for SPID
0–4
(analysis of covariance least squares mean differences [95% confidence interval]: − 37.1 [− 56.5, − 17.6], − 40.2 [− 59.7, − 20.6], and − 41.7 [− 61.2, − 22.2] for 100, 150, and 200 mg CTC, respectively;
P
< 0.001) and 4-h 50% responder rate. Four-hour 50% responder rates were 32.9% (CTC 100 mg), 33.8% (CTC 150 mg), 40.6% (CTC 200 mg), 20.1% (tramadol), and 7.2% (placebo). Rescue medication use was lower in the 100-mg (
P
= 0.013) and 200-mg (
P
= 0.003) CTC groups versus tramadol group. AE incidence and OR-SDS scores were highest for tramadol alone.
Conclusions
CTC demonstrated superior pain relief compared with tramadol or placebo, as well as an improved benefit/risk profile versus tramadol.
Trial registration
ClinicalTrials.gov identifier, NCT02982161; EudraCT number, 2016-000592-24.
Supplementary Information
The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s12325-023-02744-2.