Prevalence and Predictors of Renal Artery Stenosis in Patients Undergoing Cardiac Catheterization.

Abstract

Renal artery stenosis (RAS) is recognized as a major co-morbid condition for patients with cardiovascular disease. Although the prevalence of RAS in Western countries has been reported as 13.5-18% in patients with suspected coronary artery disease (CAD) undergoing coronary angiography, there is little information available about the prevalence of RAS in Asian populations, which are less susceptible to atherosclerosis. To evaluate the prevalence of RAS in Japanese patients suspected of cardiovascular disease and the relationships among RAS and vascular risk factors, especially hypertension, renal artery angiography was performed in a total of 289 consecutive patients receiving diagnostic cardiac catheterization. RAS with a stenosis diameter greater than 50% was considered significant. The prevalence of RAS was 21/289 (7%) including 18 (6%) cases of unilateral stenosis and 3 (1%) of bilateral stenosis. RAS accompanied 14/220 (6%) cases of CAD, 4/34 (12%) cases of valvular heart disease and 1/14 (7%) cases of cardiomyopathy. In the subgroups of CAD, the prevalence of RAS was 5%, 10%, 9%, and 19% in cases of 0, 1, 2 and 3-vessel disease, respectively. Hypertension was more frequent among patients with than among those without RAS (86% vs. 45%, p=0.0003). The prevalence of RAS was 13% in hypertensives and 2% in normotensives (p = 0.004). Thus RAS was frequent in patients with established CAD, and particularly in those with 3-vessel disease. Together, the results showed that hypertension was closely associated with RAS, appearing as both a risk factor and a possible clinical manifestation of the disease. We conclude that more attention should be paid to RAS in Japanese patients with hypertension and cardiovascular disease.

Prevalence and risk factors for renal artery stenosis and chronic kidney disease in Japanese patients with peripheral arterial disease

“…Thus, our results for the rate of RAS in Japanese patients with PAD are similar to those found in previous studies. Yamashita et al 18 reported that RAS also occurs frequently in Japanese patients with CHD and that the prevalence of RAS is higher in patients with established CHD: 10, 9 and 19% in patients with 1-, 2-and 3-vessel disease, respectively. Our results suggest that the prevalence of RAS in patients with PAD is higher than that in patients with established CHD.…”

Prevalence and predictors of renal artery stenosis in hypertensive patients undergoing coronary angiography

“…In one study, race/ethnicity (Hispanic vs African American) was an independent predictor of lower RAS prevalence in the second group. 27 Yamashita et al 28 reported that significant RAS among Japanese patients with suspected CAD had a prevalence of 7%. Our study shows that the prevalence of significant RAS in Iranian patients is very similar to that reported in other countries (Table 3).…”

“…20,[23][24][25] Attention has also been paid to the role of ethnicity in the prevalence of RAS. [26][27][28] This study aims to assess the prevalence of RAS in patients with hypertension and suspected CAD who are candidates for coronary angiography. This research further aims to clarify RAS predictors and to estimate prevalence based on the number of risk factors in patients.…”

Other High-Risk Conditions

“…It has been reported that 5% to 22% of elderly patients with CKD have coexisting renal artery stenosis. Renal artery stenosis is also a risk factor for CVD, and the complication rate for atherosclerotic disease in other organs is high 7,[36][37][38] . In the primary prevention of CVD, carotid artery findings and renal artery stenosis should be noted.…”