Prevalence and profile of depressive mixed state in patients with autism spectrum disorder

Zamami, Yu; Shinzato, Hotaka; Kurihara, Kazuhiro; Koda, Munenaga; Nakamura, A.; Kondo, Tsuyoshi

doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2021.113932

Cited by 2 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…[25] However, mixed features by the DSM-5 were deemed diagnostically specific but practically insensitive owing to the exclusion of nonspecific but prevalent symptoms for DMX, [25][26][27] leading to underdiagnosis of DMX. [27][28][29] This was also supported by our previous finding that the rate of mixed features by DSM-5 was only 4.2% while that of DMX was 22.6% using the same samples with MDE. [16] AD has also been suggested to be associated with suicidality in several previous studies.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 83%

“…DMX was evaluated by the DMX-8. [29] The 8 items include over-reactivity, inner tension, racing thoughts, impulsivity, irritability, aggression, risk-taking behavior, and dysphoria. Each item on the DMX-8 is scored on a 4-point scale based on the frequency of each symptom (0: never; 1: only occasionally; 2: often; 3: almost always) during the latest 1-week period of MDD.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Depressive mixed state and anxious distress as risk factors for suicidality during major depressive episodes

Ota,

Shinzato,

Otsuka

et al. 2024

Preprint

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Accurately assessing and predicting suicidality in patients with depression are challenging for researchers and clinicians. We examined various risk factors for suicidality during major depressive episodes (MDE), especially focusing on depressive mixed state (DMX) and anxious distress (AD). We recruited 187 patients with MDE and divided them into two groups—with and without suicidality—defined as the cut-off score of 1 or more on the suicidality sub-item in the Quick Inventory of Depressive Symptomatology-Self Report. The presence of DMX was defined as a total score of 13 or more on the self-administered 8-item questionnaire for DMX. We used multivariate logistic regression analysis with the presence or absence of suicidality as a dependent variable for investigating factors associated with suicidality. The with suicidality group was younger and indicated a greater proportion of past suicide attempts, AD, and DMX than the without suicidality group. Logistic regression analysis revealed that AD (P = 0.047) and DMX (P = 0.018) were significantly associated with suicidality. AD and DMX may promote suicidality during MDE. These two psychopathological features should be carefully monitored and intensively treated for the prevention of suicide-related events.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 83%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Depressive mixed state and anxious distress as risk factors for suicidality during major depressive episodes

Ota,

Shinzato,

Otsuka

et al. 2024

Preprint

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“…These findings were consistent with our previous studies. 7,21 Other studies also support the close association between DMX and bipolarity 2,22 or depressive severity, together with higher suicidality and more functional impairment. 19,23 Thus, bipolarity and severe depression are established risk factors for DMX.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 84%

Elevated Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor Levels During Depressive Mixed States

Otsuka,

Takaesu,

Zamami

et al. 2023

Psychiatry Investig

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Objective Neurotrophin-like brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and pro-inflammatory cytokines may modulate the pathophysiology of mood disorders. Although several studies show alterations in these biomarkers during the depressive, manic, and euthymic states of mood disorders, evidence is lacking for those in a mixed state. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the relationship between the depressive mixed state (DMX) and peripheral neurobiological factors.Methods We enrolled 136 patients with major depressive episodes. Depressive symptoms were assessed using the Quick Inventory of Depressive Symptomatology Self-Report Japanese version (QIDS-SR-J). The severity of DMX was assessed using the self-administered 12-item questionnaire (DMX-12). Categorical screening as DMX-positive (n=54) was determined by a cutoff score of 13 or more in the specific eight symptoms from the DMX-12; the remaining were DMX-negative (n=82). Serum BDNF, tumor necrosis factor-α, highsensitivity C-reactive protein, and interleukin-6 levels were measured.Results When comparing biomarkers between the DMX-positive and DMX-negative groups, higher serum BDNF concentration in the DMX-positive group than in the DMX-negative group was the only significant finding (p=0.009). A positive correlation existed between the total score of the eight specific symptoms of DMX-12 and the BDNF concentration (r=0.190, p=0.027). After adjustment for confounders, logistic regression analysis revealed that BDNF (odds ratio [OR]=1.07, 95% confidence interval [CI]=1.00–1.14, p=0.045), bipolar diagnosis (OR=3.43, 95% CI=1.36–8.66, p=0.009), and total QIDS-SR-J score (OR=1.29, 95% CI=1.15–1.43, p<0.001) were significantly associated with DMX positivity.Conclusion BDNF was positively associated with DMX severity, suggesting that higher BDNF concentrations may be involved in the pathophysiology of DMX.

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Prevalence and profile of depressive mixed state in patients with autism spectrum disorder

Cited by 2 publications

References 33 publications

Depressive mixed state and anxious distress as risk factors for suicidality during major depressive episodes

Depressive mixed state and anxious distress as risk factors for suicidality during major depressive episodes

Elevated Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor Levels During Depressive Mixed States

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