Prevalence and quantification of contamination of knitted cotton outer gloves during hip and knee arthroplasty surgery

Unnoticed surgical gloves perforation: A multicentric study of the leading factors.

“…Regarding the duration of the procedure, all authors agreed that the risk of unnoticed glove perforation is significantly higher for long and complex procedures. Our study showed a cut-off point at 90 minutes concurring with the findings of several other studies [20][21][22]. We have tested in two different brands of gloves (A and B) made from natural rubber latex.…”

Implant contamination as a cause of surgical site infection in spinal surgery: are single-use implants a reasonable solution? – a systematic review

“…31 vs. 7% baseline bacterial contamination in cloth gowns vs. paper gowns 2. 23% of surgeons retaining outer gloves had positive glove contamination vs. 13% of those exchanging gloves Recommendation for disposable paper gowns and outer glove exchange just before handling implant materials Klaber et al (2019) [ 21 ] Surgical gowns 140 surgical gowns Bacterial contamination in 12% of surgical gowns (4% in total hip arthroplasty vs. 22% in spine and knee surgery) Higher surgical gown contamination during non-arthroplasty procedures Wichmann et al (2019) [ 22 ] Surgical gloves 43 pairs of knitted cotton outer gloves 9% of gloves yielded > 100 CFU under aerobic conditions, 14% under anaerobic conditions Low microbial contamination of knitted cotton outer gloves, but relevant proportion showing contamination above minimal thresholds Amirfeyz et al (2007) [ 23 ] Theatre shoes 50 outside shoes, 50 theatre shoes morning and 50 end of day Microbial growth in 90% of outside shoes, 68% of theatre shows in the morning, and 56% of theatre shoes end-of-day Recommendation for dedicated theatre shoe use and good floor washing protocol Implant exposure to air Bible et al (2013) [ 24 ] Coverage of implants 105 surgical trays (54 uncovered vs. 51 covered trays) Overall 10% contamination with 2% of covered vs. 17% of uncovered implants Coverage of implants significantly reduces their contamination Dalstrom et al (2008) [ 25 ] Coverage of implants 45 surgical trays (15 uncovered and no traffic, 15 uncovered and traffic, 15 covered) Microbial growth in 4% at 30 min to 30% at 4 h of uncovered trays vs. 0% in covered trays Coverage of implants significantly reduces their contamination; microbial growth correlated with the duration of open exposure Menekse et al (2015) [ 26 ] Coverage of implants 42 surgical trays (20 uncovered vs. 22 covered) Microbial growth in 55% vs. 18% in uncovered and covered trays, respectively, after 120 min Coverage of implants significantly reduces their contamination; microbial growth correlated with the duration of open exposure Uzun et al (2019) [ 27 ] Coverage of implants 60 surgical trays (30 uncovered vs. 30 covered) Statistically significant difference in contamination at all time points Coverage of implants significantly reduces t...…”

“…With operation time the contamination rate of surgical gloves increases significantly, which is why change of surgical gloves before handling implants in order to minimize contamination is recommended [20]. In 43 knitted cotton outer gloves, Wichmann et al found contamination above the estimated thresholds for implant-associated infection in a relevant proportion of examined gloves [22]. A study by Amirfeyz et al focused on the contamination of theatre shoes and found significantly higher contamination of outdoor shoes compared to theatre shoes but no difference in samples taken from theatre shoes in the morning versus in the evening.…”

Glove damage in total hip arthroplasty

“…На Международной согласительной конференции по костно-мышечной инфекции это положение имеет силу строгой рекомендации, хотя и с ограниченным уровнем доказательности [23]. Подавляющее большинство авторов сходится во мнении, что продолжительность использования хирургических перчаток во время операций протезирования является фактором риска их контаминации [24] и повреждения [6]. Более того, Selma Sayın et al в своей работе отмечают наличие прямой связи между частотой перфораций перчаток и продолжительностью операции [25].…”