Prevalence and Resistance Patterns of Streptococcus pneumoniae Recovered from Children in Western Asia

Matran, Yasser M.; Al-Haddad, Ahmed M.; Sharma, Divakar; Kalia, Nitin Pal; Sharma, Sarika; Kumar, Manoj; Sharma, Sandeep

doi:10.1007/s11908-023-00807-7

Cited by 2 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 75 publications

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“…Despite global concerns about AMR, there is a high level of antimicrobial misuse in Yemen [18,19]. Pneumococcal disease represents challenges in western Asia, including Yemen, that require a comprehensive approach to combat resistance and ensure low rates of IPD in children [20].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Streptococcus pneumoniae among the children of Aden, Yemen: a cross-sectional report of post-pneumococcal conjugate vaccine

Matran,

Al-Haddad,

Kour

et al. 2024

J Infect Dev Ctries

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Introduction: Streptococcus pneumoniae cause a significant global health challenge. We aimed to determine nasopharyngeal carriage, serotypes distribution, and antimicrobial profile of pneumococci among the children of Aden. Methodology: A total of 385 children, aged 2-17 years, were included. Asymptomatic samples were randomly collected from children in selected schools and vaccination centers. Symptomatic samples were obtained from selected pediatric clinics. The nasopharyngeal swabs were tested for pneumococci using culture and real time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Serotyping was done with a pneumotest-latex kit and antimicrobial susceptibility was tested by disc diffusion and Epsilometer test. Results: The total pneumococcal carriage was 44.4% and 57.1% by culture and RT-PCR, respectively. There was a statistically significant association between carriage rate and living in single room (OR = 7.9; p = 0.00001), sharing a sleeping space (OR = 15.1; p = 0.00001), and low monthly income (OR = 2.02; p = 0.007). The common serotypes were 19, 1, 4, 5, 2, and 23. The proportion of non-pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (non-PCV13) serotypes was 24%. Pneumococci were resistant to penicillin (96.5%), cefepime (15.8%), ceftriaxone (16.4%), and amoxicillin-clavulanate (0%). Erythromycin, azithromycin, and doxycycline had resistance rates of 48%, 31%, and 53.3%, respectively. Conclusions: A high pneumococcal carriage rate was observed in Yemeni children, particularly in low-income households and shared living conditions. There was significant penicillin resistance at meningitis breakpoint. Furthermore, non-PCV13 serotypes were gradually replacing PCV13 serotypes. The findings underscore the urgent need for enhanced surveillance and stewardship to improve vaccination and antibiotic policies in Yemen.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Streptococcus pneumoniae among the children of Aden, Yemen: a cross-sectional report of post-pneumococcal conjugate vaccine

Matran,

Al-Haddad,

Kour

et al. 2024

J Infect Dev Ctries

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Pneumonia in children before and during the COVID-19 pandemic: an observation from a climate change and environmental perspective in Indonesia

Fatma,

Akbar

2024

Hygiene and Sanitation

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Background. Pneumonia is the second leading cause of child mortality in Indonesia. The COVID-19 pandemic in Indonesia is increasing a challenging environment for children’s respiratory health. This study aims to examine pneumonia in children using the perspective of climate change and the changing environment in Indonesia before and during COVID-19 pandemic. Materials and methods. This research is a retrospective longitudinal study conducted during the period 2017–2020. The study area of the study is in Indonesia. All the province and city in Indonesia are included in this study. The number of children surveyed each year is 30.73 million. Outdoor air quality, temperature and rainfall observations were carried out at 185 observation stations spread throughout Indonesia Results. In Indonesia, child pneumonia cases declined by 39.42% from 2017 (511,434 cases) to 2020 (309,838 cases) during the COVID-19 pandemic, with a 47.06% decrease in mortality. Outdoor air quality worsened by 51.64% pre-pandemic (2017–2019), improving notably in 2020. Conversely, temperature and rainfall, which decreased before 2017–2019, sharply increased in 2020, with rainfall at 524 mm and temperatures rising by 0.7°C compared to 2019. Limitations. A detailed analysis and cautious interpretation are necessary due to the complex, suggestive links between air quality, climate, behavior, and respiratory health highlighted in this study, especially during the pandemic. Conclusion. The pandemic triggered unexpected shifts. Reduced cases correlated with better air quality due to lockdowns and behavior changes, while increased temperature and rainfall may have hindered pathogen transmission.

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Prevalence and Resistance Patterns of Streptococcus pneumoniae Recovered from Children in Western Asia

Cited by 2 publications

References 75 publications

Streptococcus pneumoniae among the children of Aden, Yemen: a cross-sectional report of post-pneumococcal conjugate vaccine

Streptococcus pneumoniae among the children of Aden, Yemen: a cross-sectional report of post-pneumococcal conjugate vaccine

Pneumonia in children before and during the COVID-19 pandemic: an observation from a climate change and environmental perspective in Indonesia

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