Prevalence and risk-factor analysis of Shiga toxigenic Escherichia coli in faecal samples of organically and conventionally farmed dairy cattle

Kuhnert, Peter; Dubosson, Christoph R.; Roesch, M.; Homfeld, Esther; Doherr, Marcus G.; Blum, Jürg W.

doi:10.1016/j.vetmic.2005.02.015

Cited by 53 publications

(44 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…This trend is identical to a recently published report, where E. coli O157 was found in 4 out of 8 ORG dairy farms (50%) and in 3 out of 18 conventional dairy farms (16.7%) in the United States (11). In Switzerland, E. coli O157:H7 showed a herd prevalence of 25% at ORG farms and 17% at integrated (conventional) farms (both n ϭ 60), but this was also not significantly different, and no difference in the risk to carry this pathogen was found between both farm types (34).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 89%

Prevalence of Shiga Toxin-Producing Escherichia coli stx ₁ , stx ₂ , eaeA , and rfbE Genes and Survival of E. coli O157:H7 in Manure from Organic and Low-Input Conventional Dairy Farms

Franz

Klerks

Vos

et al. 2007

Appl Environ Microbiol

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Manure samples were collected from 16 organic (ORG) and 9 low-input conventional (LIC) Dutch dairy farms during August and September 2004 to determine the prevalence of the STEC virulence genes stx 1 (encoding Shiga toxin 1), stx 2 (encoding Shiga toxin 2), and eaeA (encoding intimin), as well as the rfbE gene, which is specific for Escherichia coli O157. The rfbE gene was present at 52% of the farms. The prevalence of rfbE was higher at ORG farms (61%) than at LIC farms (36%), but this was not significant. Relatively more LIC farms were positive for all Shiga toxin-producing E. coli (STEC) virulence genes eaeA, stx 1 , and stx 2 , which form a potentially highly virulent combination. Species richness of Enterobacteriaceae, as determined by DGGE, was significantly lower in manure positive for rfbE. Survival of a green fluorescent protein-expressing E. coli O157:H7 strain was studied in the manure from all farms from which samples were obtained and was modeled by a biphasic decline model. The time needed to reach the detection limit was predominantly determined by the level of native coliforms and the pH (both negative relationships). Initial decline was faster for ORG manure but leveled off earlier, resulting in longer survival than in LIC manure. Although the nonlinear decline curve could theoretically be explained as the cumulative distribution of an underlying distribution of decline kinetics, it is proposed that the observed nonlinear biphasic pattern of the survival curve is the result of changing nutrient status of the manure over time (and thereby changing competition pressure), instead of the presence of subpopulations differing in the level of resistance.Shiga-toxin producing Escherichia coli (STEC) is an important group of zoonotic human pathogens, with E. coli O157 being the best known and most studied serotype (10). STEC strains are generally carried asymptomatically by cattle and shed in their feces, which in turn may serve as a means of maintenance and spread of these pathogens among cattle herds (47). Since the reported increase in food-borne disease associated with the consumption of fresh vegetables (51, 54), the potential contamination of vegetable crops that are grown in fields enriched with manure has raised increasing concern (18, 29, 52). Understanding on-farm survival and spread of human pathogens is of utmost importance in preventing the spread of this organism to the environment, groundwater, food, and crops and subsequently back to cattle.A considerable body of literature exists on the prevalence of STEC on cattle farms and statistically associated management factors which could be used for potential intervention strategies to reduce shedding of these pathogens (2, 53, 57). However, these studies are not unambiguous and have resulted in the identification of only a very few risk factors, like season and cattle age, which are ubiquitous. The direction of influence of the majority of the management practices like feeding regimen and housing conditions remains unclear and is under debate.D...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 89%

Prevalence of Shiga Toxin-Producing Escherichia coli stx ₁ , stx ₂ , eaeA , and rfbE Genes and Survival of E. coli O157:H7 in Manure from Organic and Low-Input Conventional Dairy Farms

Franz

Klerks

Vos

et al. 2007

Appl Environ Microbiol

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“…Recently, Fremaux et al (2007) reported the elimination of non-0157 STEC strains submitted to composting in manure heaps after nine and 16 days at 65 and 56 o C, respectively, also similar with the results obtained in the present study. Kuhnert et al (2005) in Switzerland reported that 45.0 % of bovine STEC-positive faeces contained the stx 2 gene. This agrees with reports on Australian dairy cattle (Cobbold and Desmarchelier, 2001) and also with is reported in the present study.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fate of non O157 Shiga toxigenic Escherichia coli in composted cattle manure

Gonçalves

Marin

2007

Arq. Bras. Med. Vet. Zootec.

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To determine the fate of Shiga toxigenic Escherichia coli (STEC) non-O 157 in composted manure from naturally colonized cattle, fresh manure was obtained from three cows carrying non-O157 STEC strains possessing the stx2 gene. Two composting systems were used: a 0.6m deep cave opened in the soil and an one meter high solid manure heap in a pyramidal architecture. Every day, for the 10 first days, and every five days for a month, one manure sample from three different points in both systems was collected and cultured to determine the presence of E. coli and the presence of the stx 2 gene in the cells. The temperature was verified at each sampling. STEC non-O157 E. coli cells survived for 8, 25 and 30 days at 42, 40 and 38 o C, respectively, in the deep cave and 4, 4 and 7 days at 65, 58 and 52 o C, respectively, in the heap, during the composting manure. Temperature and indigenous microorganisms appear to contribute to pathogen disappearance in the composting system. It is concluded that both composting systems were efficient to eliminate STEC cells. Land application of composted manure should minimize environmental risk associated with the dissemination of the pathogen.

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“…In a study of organic and conventional dairy cattle farms, conventional farms were found to be more likely than organic farms to have at least one Salmonella isolate resistant to antibiotics (12). Kuhnert et al (7) observed no difference between the prevalences of E. coli O157:H7 in samples from organic and conventional dairy farms. Sato et al reported that E. coli isolates from conventional dairies had significantly higher rates of resistance to certain antibiotics than isolates from organic dairies (15).…”

mentioning

confidence: 98%

“…The impact of organic production methods on the prevalence of food-borne pathogens, including E. coli O157:H7 and Campylobacter spp. in dairy cattle (7,14) and Campylobacter and Salmonella spp. in chickens (6,19), has been studied previously.…”

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Prevalence of Escherichia coli O157:H7 in Organically and Naturally Raised Beef Cattle

Reinstein

Fox

Shi

et al. 2009

Appl Environ Microbiol

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We determined the prevalence of Escherichia coli O157:H7 in organically and naturally raised beef cattle at slaughter and compared antibiotic susceptibility profiles of the isolates to those of isolates from conventionally raised beef cattle. The prevalences of E. coli O157:H7 were 14.8 and 14.2% for organically and naturally raised cattle, respectively. No major difference in antibiotic susceptibility patterns among the isolates was observed.

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Prevalence and risk-factor analysis of Shiga toxigenic Escherichia coli in faecal samples of organically and conventionally farmed dairy cattle

Cited by 53 publications

References 26 publications

Prevalence of Shiga Toxin-Producing Escherichia coli stx ₁ , stx ₂ , eaeA , and rfbE Genes and Survival of E. coli O157:H7 in Manure from Organic and Low-Input Conventional Dairy Farms

Prevalence of Shiga Toxin-Producing Escherichia coli stx ₁ , stx ₂ , eaeA , and rfbE Genes and Survival of E. coli O157:H7 in Manure from Organic and Low-Input Conventional Dairy Farms

Fate of non O157 Shiga toxigenic Escherichia coli in composted cattle manure

Prevalence of Escherichia coli O157:H7 in Organically and Naturally Raised Beef Cattle

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Prevalence and risk-factor analysis of Shiga toxigenic Escherichia coli in faecal samples of organically and conventionally farmed dairy cattle

Cited by 53 publications

References 26 publications

Prevalence of Shiga Toxin-Producing Escherichia coli stx 1 , stx 2 , eaeA , and rfbE Genes and Survival of E. coli O157:H7 in Manure from Organic and Low-Input Conventional Dairy Farms

Prevalence of Shiga Toxin-Producing Escherichia coli stx 1 , stx 2 , eaeA , and rfbE Genes and Survival of E. coli O157:H7 in Manure from Organic and Low-Input Conventional Dairy Farms

Fate of non O157 Shiga toxigenic Escherichia coli in composted cattle manure

Prevalence of Escherichia coli O157:H7 in Organically and Naturally Raised Beef Cattle

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Prevalence of Shiga Toxin-Producing Escherichia coli stx ₁ , stx ₂ , eaeA , and rfbE Genes and Survival of E. coli O157:H7 in Manure from Organic and Low-Input Conventional Dairy Farms

Prevalence of Shiga Toxin-Producing Escherichia coli stx ₁ , stx ₂ , eaeA , and rfbE Genes and Survival of E. coli O157:H7 in Manure from Organic and Low-Input Conventional Dairy Farms