Prevalence and risk factors associated with bovine viral diarrhea virus infection in dairy herds in Jordan

Abstract

A cross-sectional study was carried out to determine the seroprevalence and to identify risk factors associated with bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) infection in 62 non-vaccinated dairy herds (671 cows) in Jordan between January and June 2007. Information regarding herd management was recorded through a personal interview with farmers. Antibodies against BVDV were detected using an indirect ELISA test. Chi-square analysis and multivariable logistic regression model were used to identify risk factors for BVDV seropositivity. The true prevalence of antibodies against BVDV in individual cows and cattle herds was 31.6% and 80.7%, respectively. The seroprevalence of BVDV in medium and large size herds was significantly higher than that in smaller herds. There was no significant difference in BVD seroprevalence between different age groups. Random-effects logistic regression model revealed two major factors associated with seropositivity to BVDV; exchange of visits between adjacent farm workers and not isolating newly purchased animals before addition to the herd. The seroprevalence of BVDV in cows located in the northern Jordanian governorates was significantly higher than that in other studied governorates. Results of this study indicated that BVDV is highly prevalent in Jordan and BVDV infection could be controlled by livestock-trade control, and applying strict biosecurity measures in the dairy farms.

Seroepidemiological study of bovine viral diarrhea (BVD) in three agroecological zones in Ethiopia

“…The prevalence obtained in this study is the lowest compared to some data reported by other researchers in Jordan (Talafha et al 2008). From the three zones compared, Southwest Shoa has the highest prevalence, and this might be attributed to the fact that the presence of higher number of PI animals, herd size, cattle population density, management practices, and replacement animals from outside without screening for BVDV in the area (Talafha et al 2008;Laureyns et al 2009).…”

“…From the three zones compared, Southwest Shoa has the highest prevalence, and this might be attributed to the fact that the presence of higher number of PI animals, herd size, cattle population density, management practices, and replacement animals from outside without screening for BVDV in the area (Talafha et al 2008;Laureyns et al 2009). In addition, absence of vaccination for BVDV in the three zones contributes the some degree to the present prevalence.…”

Herd-level prevalence and associated risk factors for Toxoplasma gondii, Neospora caninum, Chlamydia abortus and bovine viral diarrhoea virus in commercial dairy and beef cattle in eastern, northern and northeastern China

“…Lots of pathology in several body systems has been considered to be associated with BVDV infection, including the reproductive, digestive, respiratory and systemic disorders (Brock 2004;Talafha et al 2009;Sarrazin et al 2013). Because the ability of the virus to infect multiple organ systems is different, clinical symptoms caused by BVDV are highly variable, ranging from subclinical to acute infections with high mortality (Handel et al 2011).…”

“…In non-pregnant animals, clinical symptoms are usually mild or no illness. In calves, diarrhea and mucosal-disease syndrome are the most common manifestations ( Solis-Calderon et al 2005;Talafha et al 2009). …”

“…Improving our ability to control and prevent transmission of these pathogens is the most effective way to minimize diverse effects of these pathogen infections on herd health and productivity; thus, it is important to know the herd management and environmental factors that increase the risk of infection (Talafha et al 2009). Although animal-level seroprevalence of these pathogen infections have been reported in cattle in many places of China, little is known about the herd-level seroprevalence of these pathogen infections in commercial dairy and beef cattle in China.…”