Prevalence and risk factors associated with cryptosporidiosis among children within the ages 0–5 years attending the Limbe regional hospital, southwest region, Cameroon

Tombang, Atsimbom Neville; Ambe, Ngwa Fabrice; Bobga, Tanyi Pride; Nkfusai, Claude Ngwayu; Collins, Ngandeu Mongoue; Ngwa, Sangwe Bertrand; Diengou, Ngwene Hycentha; Cumber, Samuel Nambile

doi:10.1186/s12889-019-7484-8

Cited by 21 publications

(34 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…Significantly higher prevalence was experienced in females (13.30%) than in males (7.84%) (P=0.000195***), probably because of increased exposure of females to untreated water compared to their male counterparts. This is in line with the results obtained in Uganda by Tombang et al, (2019) who recorded higher prevalence in females (3.3%) than in males. In this study, 97.3% of Cryptosporidium-positive in humans and 79.6% cows and all cases in sheep and goats were observed during the rainy season; between July and December.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

“…Prevalence was higher in the older individuals aged between 41-70 years and children aged between 0 -10 years, and lowest in adolescents aged between 11-20 and adults 20-40 years. These results are similar to those reported in other studies (Hlavsa et al, 2012;Nahed andGhoneim, 2017 andTombang et al, 2019), where incidence and prevalence was found to be highest in children and old age individuals. In this study, the infection rate observed (9.8%) was higher than the prevalence previously reported by Mbae (2006), 4% in children in urban informal settings.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

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EPIDEMIOLOGY OF ZOONOTIC Cryptosporidium spp. ISOLATES IN NJORO SUB_COUNTY NAKURU COUNTY, KENYA

Walter

Charles

Elick

et al. 2021

AJID

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Background: There is no information on human and animal Cryptosporidium spp. in Njoro sub- county. The risk posed to humans and animals within the sub-county is therefore unknown. Materials and Methods: A total of 1476 animal and 378 human fecal samples were evaluated. Multivariate logistic regression was used to evaluate association between infection status and the predisposing factors. Results were expressed as odds ratio (OR) with a 95% confidence interval. Chi-square and Maentel–Haenszel tests were used to quantify relationships among variables. Results: Prevalence of Cryptosporidium spp. was 9.8% in humans, 10.8% in cows, 19.6% in sheep and 4.5% in goats. Prevalence in humans was significantly higher in females 12/37. Infection was highest in the elderly (27.27%), and significantly lower in adolescents and adults at 8.66% and 9.59%, respectively. Goats had lowest overall parasitization at all levels, while sheep had the highest parasitization at levels (+1 and +2). Relatively, humans had the highest parasite counts +3 cases (1.5%). Conclusion: Cryptosporidium spp. is prevalent in Njoro sub-county and domestic animals are important reservoirs and a potential source of zoonosis in humans. Children, elderly and females are at increased risk of infection, especially during rainy season. The study recommends maintenance of proper sanitation when handling domestic animals, treatment of drinking water and use of alternative safer sources of water in order to reduce infection.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

EPIDEMIOLOGY OF ZOONOTIC Cryptosporidium spp. ISOLATES IN NJORO SUB_COUNTY NAKURU COUNTY, KENYA

Walter

Charles

Elick

et al. 2021

AJID

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“…In a study in Gambian children, those consumed stored water, presence of large family size and had contact with animal are at risk of Cryptosporidium infection 17. Another study from Cameron in under five children the presence of diarrhea was reported as concomitant treat for Cryptosporidium infection 18. In addition to this factors undernutrition, having previous hospitalization, older age and living in a day care institution was statically significant associated risk factors reported from Colombian children with HIV-infection 19.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 96%

<p>Cryptosporidiosis And Other Intestinal Parasitic Infections And Concomitant Threats Among HIV-Infected Children In Southern Ethiopia Receiving First-Line Antiretroviral Therapy</p>

Gebre¹,

Alemayehu²,

Girma³

et al. 2019

HIV

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BackgroundChildren infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) are at high risk of acquiring intestinal parasitic infections. This study aimed to determine the magnitude of Cryptosporidium and other intestinal parasitic infections and concomitant threats among HIV-infected children.MethodsA hospital-based cross-sectional study was carried out at three antiretroviral therapy clinics in southern Ethiopia from February 2016 to June 2017 in 384 HIV positive children. Socio-demographic and clinical data were collected using structured questionnaires. Direct stool microscopic examination and modified Zeihl–Neelsen staining technique to identify parasites. Chi-square test was conducted to determine the real predictors of the infection. Significant association was considered when p-value <0.05 at 95% CI.ResultsThe overall magnitude of intestinal parasitic infections among the study population was 16.9% (95% CI: 13.0–20.8%). The most predominant parasitic infections were Cryptosporidium spp. (9.6%) and the least was Taenia spp. (0.78%). Diarrheal status (χ2=7.653, df=2, p=0.022) was detected to be the only significant associated variable.ConclusionCryptosporidium infection was found to be the most common intestinal parasitosis among HIV-infected children. Routine screening service for Cryptosporidium and other intestinal parasites is important in the clinical management of HIV-infected children.

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“… 12 Additionally, poor sanitation and contact with contaminated soil are also risk factors for the development of diarrhea. 13 …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The reason of gender based difference is not clear as both male and female children have the same exposure to environment. 13 …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Frequency of Cryptosporidiosis in Children having Persistent Diarrhea

et al. 2020

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Objective: Globally childhood diarrheal diseases continue to be the second leading cause of death. Cryptosporidium spp are important intestinal parasites that cause diarrhea in humans and animals particularly in developing countries. This investigation was carried out to find out the frequency of cryptosporidiosis in children presenting with persistent diarrhea. Methods: Two hundred stool samples were collected in this descriptive cross-sectional study conducted at Microbiology Department, Combined Military Hospital, Lahore Pakistan between the months of July to Dec 2014. Children aged five years to 12 years who presented with persistent diarrhea were included in the study. Stool specimens were processed using the modified acid-fast staining method, and microscopically examined for Cryptosporidium infection. Results: The average age of study participants was 7.95 with a standard deviation of 2.21 years. Among the participants 66% were males whereas 34% were females. Twenty eight percent had presence of oocysts in stool samples. Conclusions: The frequency of Cryptosporidiosis among children with persistent diarrhea was 28%. This high frequency indicates that this population is uniquely susceptible to infection. It also highlights the need for education about hygiene, accurate diagnosis, and treatment of Cryptosporidiosis. There is also a need for additional studies regarding the occurrence of this pathogen. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.37.1.2700 How to cite this:Iqbal MD, Naeem T, Khurshid U, Hameed F. Frequency of Cryptosporidiosis in Children having Persistent Diarrhea. Pak J Med Sci. 2021;37(1):121-124. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.37.1.2700 This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

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Prevalence and risk factors associated with cryptosporidiosis among children within the ages 0–5 years attending the Limbe regional hospital, southwest region, Cameroon

Cited by 21 publications

References 28 publications

EPIDEMIOLOGY OF ZOONOTIC Cryptosporidium spp. ISOLATES IN NJORO SUB_COUNTY NAKURU COUNTY, KENYA

EPIDEMIOLOGY OF ZOONOTIC Cryptosporidium spp. ISOLATES IN NJORO SUB_COUNTY NAKURU COUNTY, KENYA

<p>Cryptosporidiosis And Other Intestinal Parasitic Infections And Concomitant Threats Among HIV-Infected Children In Southern Ethiopia Receiving First-Line Antiretroviral Therapy</p>

Frequency of Cryptosporidiosis in Children having Persistent Diarrhea

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