Prevalence and Risk Factors for Lymphocytic Choriomeningitis Virus Infection in Continental Croatian Regions

Vilibić-Čavlek, Tatjana; Oreški, Tena; Korva, Miša; Kolarić, Branko; Stevanović, Vladimir; Židovec-Lepej, Snježana; Tabain, Irena; Jeličić, Pavle; Miklausic-Pavic, Bozana; Savić, Vladimir; Barbić, Ljubo; Avšič–Županc, Tatjana

doi:10.3390/tropicalmed6020067

Cited by 14 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…In Argentina, 1.6% of pregnant women were found to be seropositive 13 . In addition, prevalence of LCMV antibodies was 3.9% in the population of Croatian pregnant women 12 …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…11,12 Thus, an overall seroprevalence of 6.8%, ranging from 3.9% in nonexposed populations to 9.8% in professionally exposed persons (forestry workers, hunters, and persons in frequent contacts with rodents) was documented in Croatia. 12 There are very few data on the seroprevalence of LCMV in pregnant women. In Argentina, 1.6% of pregnant women were found to be seropositive.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…LMCV is mainly present in Europe and America 8 . Estimated seroprevalence in humans is low, between 0.3% and 6.8%, and is usually related to close contact with mice or hamsters 11,12 . Thus, an overall seroprevalence of 6.8%, ranging from 3.9% in nonexposed populations to 9.8% in professionally exposed persons (forestry workers, hunters, and persons in frequent contacts with rodents) was documented in Croatia 12 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…13 In addition, prevalence of LCMV antibodies was 3.9% in the population of Croatian pregnant women. 12 If women are infected during pregnancy, LCMV can be transmitted to the fetus via the placenta and can lead to fetal abnormalities, and sometimes fetal death. 14 Congenital LCMV infection was first reported in England in 1955.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Congenital lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus: A review

et al. 2022

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Introduction Lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV) uses rodents such as mice and hamsters as its principal reservoir. When women acquire LCMV during pregnancy because of contact with rodents, it can lead to congenital LCMV infection, which is associated with high mortality and morbidity. Although the number of cases reported in the literature is increasing, LCMV is rarely mentioned because a history of exposure to rodents is uncommon and mostly unknown. Objectives The main objective of this article was to summarize all morphological, antenatal, and postnatal abnormalities that may suggest a congenital LCMV infection. Methods We reviewed PubMed case reports and case series where an antenatal and/or a postnatal description of at least one case of congenital LCMV infection was documented. Results We found 70 cases of congenital LCMV infection, 68 of which had antenatal or postnatal brain abnormalities, which were mainly chorioretinitis (59/70), hydrocephaly (37/70), microcephaly (22/70), ventriculomegaly (11/70) and periventricular calcifications (11/70). Antenatal and postnatal extracerebral abnormalities were mainly small for gestational age, ascites, cardiomegaly or anemia. Other organ damage was rare, but could include skin abnormalities, hydrops or hepatosplenomegaly. Seventy percent (49/70) of cases had major cerebral abnormalities that could have been detected by antenatal ultrasound examination. Congenital LCMV infection is associated with a significant mortality rate (30%) and survivors often have severe neurologic sequelae. Conclusion LCMV is a rare congenital infection, but awareness of the various prenatal ultrasound morphological abnormalities should be improved, and LCMV should be considered when first‐line etiological explorations are negative, especially when the mother's medical history indicates exposure to rodents.

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“…In Argentina, 1.6% of pregnant women were found to be seropositive 13 . In addition, prevalence of LCMV antibodies was 3.9% in the population of Croatian pregnant women 12 …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Congenital lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus: A review

et al. 2022

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“…In humans, transmission vertically results in congenital neurologic abnormalities (12,13) while death is an outcome if viral transmission occurs via transplantation of infected organs (14,15) in immune suppressed patients. A recent estimate is that ∼4% of pregnant women may be seropositive with LCMV specific IgG (16).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Interleukin-10 Delays Viral Clearance in the Placenta and Uterus of Mice With Acute Lymphocytic Choriomeningitis Virus Infection During Pregnancy

2022

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Pregnant mice infected with Lymphocytic Choriomeningitis Virus (Armstrong) (LCMV-Arm) experience high viral loads in the placenta and uterine tissue by 5–8 days post-infection, a time when the virus is nearly completely cleared from the spleen and blood. Interleukin 10 (IL-10) plays a crucial role in T cell responses associated with systemic viral clearance. Using the LCMV-arm model of infection, we examined first, whether IL-10 is involved in viral clearance in the placenta and uterine tissue and secondly, the potential mechanisms underlying this phenomenon. C57BL/6 (WT) and mice deficient in IL-10 (IL-10 KO) were infected with LCMV-Arm on day 10 of pregnancy. Placenta and uterine tissue, collected 2 and 8 days later, were analyzed using real time RT-PCR, plaque assays for viral load, and flow cytometry. In WT mice placenta and uterine tissue expression of IL-10 was elevated with LCMV-Arm infection. Fetus resorption was elevated in WT on days 2 and 8 post-infection as compared to IL-10 KO, and by day 19 of gestation delivery was greater. Viral loads in the placenta and uterine tissue were resolved early in IL-10 KO mice, but persistent in tissues of WT mice. Levels of NRF2 and FAS were equivalent, but BCL2L11 was higher in IL-10 KO uterus. IL-6, Interferon-β (IFN-β), CCL2, and IL-17 levels were also equivalent. IL-10 KO tissues tended toward higher expression of interferon-γ (IFN-γ) and had significantly lower expression of Transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β). The proportion of placenta and uterine tissue CD8 T cells expressing the activation markers CD44hiand PD1 were elevated in IL-10 KO mice. These data suggest that high IL-10 expression at the fetal-maternal interface following LCMV-Arm infection prevents clearance of viral load by impairing CD8 T cell activation and poses a significant threat to successful pregnancy outcome. The ability to modulate IL-10 expression at the maternal-fetal interface may help overcome negative pregnancy outcomes arising during acute LCMV and other viral infections in humans.

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Multisectoral Perspectives on Global Warming and Vector-borne Diseases: a Focus on Southern Europe

et al. 2023

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Purpose of Review The climate change (CC) or global warming (GW) modifies environment that favors vectors’ abundance, growth, and reproduction, and consequently, the rate of development of pathogens within the vectors. This review highlights the threats of GW-induced vector-borne diseases (VBDs) in Southern Europe (SE) and the need for mitigation efforts to prevent potential global health catastrophe. Recent Findings Reports showed astronomical surges in the incidences of CC-induced VBDs in the SE. The recently (2022) reported first cases of African swine fever in Northern Italy and West Nile fever in SE are linked to the CC-modified environmental conditions that support vectors and pathogens’ growth and development, and disease transmission. Summary VBDs endemic to the tropics are increasingly becoming a major health challenge in the SE, a temperate region, due to the favorable environmental conditions caused by CC/GW that support vectors and pathogens’ biology in the previously non-endemic temperate regions.

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Prevalence and Risk Factors for Lymphocytic Choriomeningitis Virus Infection in Continental Croatian Regions

Cited by 14 publications

References 43 publications

Congenital lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus: A review

Congenital lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus: A review

Interleukin-10 Delays Viral Clearance in the Placenta and Uterus of Mice With Acute Lymphocytic Choriomeningitis Virus Infection During Pregnancy

Multisectoral Perspectives on Global Warming and Vector-borne Diseases: a Focus on Southern Europe

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