Prevalence and Risk Factors for Hepatitis C Virus, Hepatitis B Virus, and Human Immunodeficiency Virus in Transfused Children in Kinshasa

Katabuka, M.; Mafuta, Musalu Eric; Ngoma, Alain M.; Beya, P. Mutombo; Yuma, Sylvain; Aketi, Loukia; Kayembe, K; Gini, J. R.

doi:10.1007/s12098-012-0899-1

Cited by 10 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…This coincides with previous reports,4,12 but contradicts others 3,14,16–18. Gender does not seem a risk factor for acquiring TTI, but was unexpectedly associated with HCV seropositivity in our study; this finding was also reported elsewhere 19.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

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Seropositivity of Hepatitis B and C among Syrian Multitransfused Patients

Yazaji

Habbal

Monem

2016

Mediterr J Hematol Infect Dis

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Background and objectivesBlood transfusion is a lifesaving therapy for patients with hemoglobinopathies. However, the need of frequent transfusion carries the risk of transmitting hepatitis B and C infections which are intermediately prevalent in Syria. Despite screening blood donations with sensitive methods, the risk of transmission is still present when infectious blood is donated within the window period. This study aimed to investigate the incidence of HBV and HCV seropositivity, and its association with multiple transfusions among Syrian hemoglobinopathies patients.Materials and MethodsHBsAg, anti-HBc, anti-HBs and anti-HCV were tested for 159 Syrian multi-transfused patients by Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA).ResultsThirty-nine of 159 (24.5%) multi-transfused patients were HBsAg/anti-HBc or anti-HCV positive, 26 (16%) of which never visited the dentist, and they either tested postsurgically negative for HBsAg and anti-HCV or never underwent a surgical procedure. On the contrary of anti-HCV seropositivity, HBsAg/anti-HBc seropositivity was significantly associated with the number of blood transfusions, number of blood units and age (P < 0.001).ConclusionAbout one-sixth of our patients most likely acquired HBV/HCV infection via blood transfusion. Administering HBV vaccine, ensuring the immune status, and monitoring hepatitis markers might considerably minimize the incidence of viral hepatitis among multi-transfused patients.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

“…Albeit an essential lifesaving intervention, blood transfusion carries the risk of transfusion-transmitted infections (TTIs), such as hepatitis B and C,2 which compose a major challenge to the public health worldwide 3. In general, screening blood donors with sensitive methods has reduced the incidence of TTIs 4.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Seropositivity of Hepatitis B and C among Syrian Multitransfused Patients

Yazaji

Habbal

Monem

2016

Mediterr J Hematol Infect Dis

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“…HBV-positivity was relative moderate (2.4%), and was similar to previous findings from the target populations in Cameroon (4.3%) [13], and in other countries (2% in Ethiopia [22], 1.6% in Democratic republic of Congo [25], 1.2% in Tanzania [26], 2.2% in Malawi [27], 3.3% in Thailand [28]). Compared to the highly endemic HBV among adult populations [15] or pregnant women (17, 5%) [18], the relatively moderate pediatric HBV prevalence is probably due to the wide paediatric coverage of anti-HBV vaccination in Cameroon [29].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 87%

Hepatitis B infection and risk factors among children living with HIV in Yaounde, Cameroon: an integrated management

et al. 2019

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BackgroundThe endemicity of hepatitis B virus (HBV) prompted the systematic immunization of newborns in Cameroon since 2005. In the frame of a considerable burden of HIV/HBV co-infection (17.5%), monitoring HBV among children living with HIV (CLHIV) would guide toward HIV/HBV integrated paediatric care. We sought to ascertain the prevalence and determinants of HBV infection in the population of CLHIV and performance of commonly used rapid diagnosis tests (RDTs).MethodsCross-sectional study conducted from February through June 2017 in a subset of CLHIV ≤15 years old at the Essos Hospital Centre, Yaounde, Cameroon. HBV was tested by HBsAg ELISA sandwich in duplicates for each sample, and the mean optical density was calculated. The Determinants of HBV-prevalencewere evaluated, and p < 0.05 was the significance threshold. The performance of two HBV RDTs (Diaspot vs. HBV-5) was evaluated in comparison to ELISA (used as gold standard).ResultsOf the 83 CLHIV enrolled (54.2% female, mean age 8.7 [±3.8] years, 60% vaccinated against HBV, all breastfed), HBV-prevalence was 2.41% (2/83). HBV-positivity was significantly associated with unknown maternal HBV status (2.9% [2/69] vs. 0.0% [0/14], p = 0.0097) and vaginal delivery (2.4% [2/82] vs. 0.0% [0/1], p = 0.0018). Moreover, the most likely to be positive were aged 11 and 15 years, and had experienced neither anti-HBV vaccination nor anti-HBV serum administration, and both had not been treated with any antiseptic solution at birth. Regarding the performance of Diaspot vs. HBV-5 respectively, sensitivity was 100% (2/2) vs. 50% (1/2), while specificity was 100% (45/45) vs. 97.8% (44/45); positive and negative predictive values of Diaspot versus HBV-5 were respectively 100% (2/2) and 100% (45/45) versus 50% (1/2) and 97.8% (44/45).ConclusionHBV-infection in the population of CLHIV appears at a moderate prevalence, suggesting a decreased burden likely due to preventive measures including the wide vaccine coverage. Focusing on mothers with unknown HBV status and promoting safer delivery mode (caesarean section) for HBV-positive motherswould contribute toward pediatric HBV elimination. In context of limited resources, Diaspot test appears more reliable to rollout HBV-infection in the population of CLHIV. As findings are limited to a small sample size, studies on a wider population would be relevant.

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“…The HBsAg prevalence in HIV infected children in this study (2.0%) is comparable with studies in Thailand (3.3%), Democratic Republic of Congo (1.6%) and Tanzania (1.2%) and [ 12 , 17 , 18 ]. In contrast, it is lower compared to other studies in Africa.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 85%

Seroprevalence of hepatitis B and C viruses and risk factors in HIV infected children at the felgehiwot referral hospital, Ethiopia

et al. 2014

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BackgroundLiver hepatitis due to Hepatitis B (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) co-infection is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in HIV infected children and it is more severe in resource poor settings. Data on seroprevalence of HBV and HCV among HIV infected children are scarce in Ethiopia. This study was conducted to determine seroprevalence and risk factors of HBV and HCV and its effect on liver enzyme among HIV-positive children aged 18 months to 15 years attending the paediatric HIV care and treatment clinic at Felege Hiwot referral hospital, Ethiopia.MethodsA cross-sectional study was conducted in May, 2014. Demographic and risk factors were collected using a structured questionnaire. Hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) and anti-HCV antibodies were detected using an enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels were determined. The results were analyzed using descriptive and logistic regression.ResultsA total of 253 HIV positive children, boys (52.5%) and girls (47.5%) took part in the study. The median age of the children was 11 years. Overall, 19 (7.5%) of HIV infected children were positive either for HBsAg or anti-HCV antibodies. The seroprevalence of HBV and HCV were 2.0% and 5.5%, respectively. All HBsAg positive children were in older age groups (11-15years). Seroprevalence of HCV was higher in children from urban (7.7%) than rural (1.2%) residents (P = 0.02). Overall, 29 (12.1%) of children had elevated ALT. Of these, 31.5% were from HBsAg or anti-HCV antibody positive children whereas 9.8% were from hepatitis B or C virus negative children (P = 0.001). Multivariate logistic regression showed that being positive for HBsAg or anti-HCV antibody (AOR: 4.7(95% CI: 1.5-13.5) was significantly associated with elevated ALT.ConclusionHBV and HCV co-infections are common in HIV positive children. In HIV positive children, HBV and HCV co-infection were associated with elevate ALT. Routine screening for HBV and HCV in HIV infected children should be implemented.

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Prevalence and Risk Factors for Hepatitis C Virus, Hepatitis B Virus, and Human Immunodeficiency Virus in Transfused Children in Kinshasa

Abstract: HCV infection was by far more frequently identified than HBV and HIV infections among Congolese transfused children. Frequency of transfusion events was the only significant risk factor associated with HCV and HIV infections but not for HBV.

Cited by 10 publications

References 15 publications

Seropositivity of Hepatitis B and C among Syrian Multitransfused Patients

Seropositivity of Hepatitis B and C among Syrian Multitransfused Patients

Hepatitis B infection and risk factors among children living with HIV in Yaounde, Cameroon: an integrated management

Seroprevalence of hepatitis B and C viruses and risk factors in HIV infected children at the felgehiwot referral hospital, Ethiopia

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