Prevalence and Risk Factors for Betaherpesvirus DNAemia in Children &gt;3 Weeks and &lt;2 Years of Age Admitted to a Large Referral Hospital in Sub-Saharan Africa

Tembo, John; Kabwe, Mwila; Chilukutu, Lophina; Chilufya, Moses; Mwaanza, Nyaxewo; Chabala, Chishala; Zumla, Alimuddin; Bates, Matthew

doi:10.1093/cid/ciu853

Cited by 50 publications

(60 citation statements)

References 49 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…Several studies reported the prevalence of CMV viremia (cut‐off values ranging from 50 to 200 copies/mL) in different populations with no reported CMV disease symptoms. Detectable CMV DNA in blood in HIV‐infected individuals ranged between 1.8% and 22.6% among adults, and 10% and 79% among infants, and was generally more frequent among HIV‐infected compared with HIV‐noninfected individuals . CMV DNA in blood was typically detected early in life indicating that CMV infection was most often acquired within the first 12 months of life …”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Congenital and neonatal CMV infections are well‐known threats to children's health and can be associated with severe developmental impairments. A study by Tembo et al identified HIV infection, underweight, and suspected meningitis at admission as potential risk factors for CMV infection in 303 Zambian children (35% HIV+). Furthermore, they observed a significant decrease in the odds for CMV viremia with age.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Review of cytomegalovirus coinfection in HIV-infected individuals in Africa

et al. 2016

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Review of cytomegalovirus coinfection in HIV-infected individuals in Africa

et al. 2016

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Third, we were not able to perform typing on all swabs to distinguish HSV-1 from 2 or HHV-6A from 6B; however, the majority of oral shedding of these viruses is due to HSV-1 and HHV-6B 3,27,28 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Virus and host-specific differences in oral human herpesvirus shedding kinetics among Ugandan women and children

Matrajt

Gantt

Mayer

et al. 2017

Sci Rep

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Human herpesviruses (HHV) establish lifelong latent infection and are transmitted primarily via shedding at mucosal surfaces. Each HHV causes a unique spectrum of disease depending on the infected individual’s age and immunity. We collected weekly oral swabs from young children and mothers in 32 Ugandan households for a median of one year. We characterized kinetics of oral shedding during primary and chronic infection for each virus. Cytomegalovirus (CMV), Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), and HHV-6 were shed at high rates following primary infection. The rate of oral herpes simplex virus (HSV) shedding was lower overall, and children and mothers with chronic HSV infection had lower shedding rates than children with primary infection. CMV shedding rate and viral load were higher in children with primary infection compared to children with chronic infection, and even lower in mothers with chronic infection. HHV-6 shedding rate and viral load were similar between children with primary or chronic infection, but lower in mothers. EBV shedding rate and quantity decreased less dramatically in mothers versus children, with HIV-positive mothers shedding at a higher rate than HIV-negative mothers. Each HHV has a distinct pattern of oral shedding which depends partially on the age and immune status of the host.

show abstract

“…Primary infections with HHV-6A have been reported much less frequently, and it is generally assumed that HHV-6A is acquired after HHV-6B, through an asymptomatic infection. However, symptomatic primary infections with HHV-6A have been described for children in the United States as well as in sub-Saharan Africa (154)(155)(156).…”

Section: Clinical Impacts Of Hhv-6 Infections Primary Infectionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Laboratory and Clinical Aspects of Human Herpesvirus 6 Infections

2015

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

SUMMARY Human herpesvirus 6 (HHV-6) is a widespread betaherpesvirus which is genetically related to human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) and now encompasses two different species: HHV-6A and HHV-6B. HHV-6 exhibits a wide cell tropism in vivo and, like other herpesviruses, induces a lifelong latent infection in humans. As a noticeable difference with respect to other human herpesviruses, genomic HHV-6 DNA is covalently integrated into the subtelomeric region of cell chromosomes (ciHHV-6) in about 1% of the general population. Although it is infrequent, this may be a confounding factor for the diagnosis of active viral infection. The diagnosis of HHV-6 infection is performed by both serologic and direct methods. The most prominent technique is the quantification of viral DNA in blood, other body fluids, and organs by means of real-time PCR. Many active HHV-6 infections, corresponding to primary infections, reactivations, or exogenous reinfections, are asymptomatic. However, the virus may be the cause of serious diseases, particularly in immunocompromised individuals. As emblematic examples of HHV-6 pathogenicity, exanthema subitum, a benign disease of infancy, is associated with primary infection, whereas further virus reactivations can induce severe encephalitis cases, particularly in hematopoietic stem cell transplant recipients. Generally speaking, the formal demonstration of the causative role of HHV-6 in many acute and chronic human diseases is difficult due to the ubiquitous nature of the virus, chronicity of infection, existence of two distinct species, and limitations of current investigational tools. The antiviral compounds ganciclovir, foscarnet, and cidofovir are effective against active HHV-6 infections, but the indications for treatment, as well as the conditions of drug administration, are not formally approved to date. There are still numerous pending questions about HHV-6 which should stimulate future research works on the pathophysiology, diagnosis, and therapy of this remarkable human virus.

show abstract

Prevalence and Risk Factors for Betaherpesvirus DNAemia in Children >3 Weeks and <2 Years of Age Admitted to a Large Referral Hospital in Sub-Saharan Africa

Abstract: Highly prevalent HCMV DNAemia was independently associated with HIV infection and being underweight across all age groups, and was also associated with meningitis, with previously underappreciated implications for the health and development of African children.

Cited by 50 publications

References 49 publications

Review of cytomegalovirus coinfection in HIV-infected individuals in Africa

Review of cytomegalovirus coinfection in HIV-infected individuals in Africa

Virus and host-specific differences in oral human herpesvirus shedding kinetics among Ugandan women and children

Laboratory and Clinical Aspects of Human Herpesvirus 6 Infections

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About