Prevalence and risk factors for <i>Trichomonas vaginalis</i> infection in pregnant women in South Africa

Mabaso, Nonkululeko; Naicker, Camille; Nyirenda, Makandwe; Abbai, Nathlee

doi:10.1177/0956462420907758

Cited by 13 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…Based on the population of 8,000 women aged above 18 years, considering an average prevalence of T . vaginallis of 15% (4–27%) and a 5% margin of error, a minimal sample of 192 women was estimated [ 12 ].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…We obtained approval from the National Research Ethics Commission (number 2.000.496) for this study. Based on the population of 8,000 women aged above 18 years, considering an average prevalence of T. vaginallis of 15% (4-27%) and a 5% margin of error, a minimal sample of 192 women was estimated [12].…”

Section: Type Of Study and Sample Size Calculationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Many populations related to low socioeconomic conditions, along with other factors such as age, gender, and sexual choice, have shown above-average prevalence rates for STIs [4,11]. T. vaginalis mainly affects the poorest sections of the population and people in vulnerable situations [12].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…T . vaginalis mainly affects the poorest sections of the population and people in vulnerable situations [ 12 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Prevalence and factors associated with Trichomonas vaginalis infection in indigenous Brazilian women

et al. 2020

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There is a scarcity of studies on the prevalence of Trichomonas vaginalis (TV) in indigenous populations of Brazil. We conducted a cross-sectional study between January and December 2018, on indigenous women living nearby an urban center of the Midwest region of Brazil and determined the prevalence of TV. Factors associated with TV infection and a comparison of molecular and direct microscopy diagnoses were determined. 241 indigenous women aged above 18 years participated in the study. Cervical and vaginal brush samples were collected to diagnose TV through polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Direct microscopy for detection of TV, and cellular changes was performed. A sociodemographic and behavioral questionnaire was applied at the beginning of the study. All the data were analyzed using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences. The result obtained showed that 27.8% [95% CI: 22.2-33.9] were positive for TV on PCR, while 7.41% [95% CI: 4.1-11] showed positive on direct microscopy. Direct microcopy also found 21 (8.71%) and 8 (3.31%) women infected with Gardnerella vaginalis and Candida albicans, respectively. In addition, 10 women presented atypical squamous cells of unknown significance and 14 lesions suggestive of HPV. Single women, under the age of 30 and who do not use condoms, were found to have a greater chance of getting TV infection. The high prevalence TV found in this population is comparable to highly vulnerable populations, as prisoners, sex workers and women in regions with low socioeconomic levels, moreover, seems to be an underdiagnosis of this infection. Therefore, a routine test program, as well as a review of the diagnostic method used, is encouraged for proper management.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Type Of Study and Sample Size Calculationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…T . vaginalis mainly affects the poorest sections of the population and people in vulnerable situations [ 12 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Prevalence and factors associated with Trichomonas vaginalis infection in indigenous Brazilian women

et al. 2020

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“…In this study, the prevalence of T. vaginalis in antenatal women was approximately 13.0%. The risk factors associated with infection in this cohort which have been described elsewhere included previous history of STIs and current abnormal vaginal discharge [ 17 ]. A similar prevalence rate of 10% for T. vaginalis was observed for antenatal women from Durban [ 18 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genotypic Variation in Trichomonas vaginalis Detected in South African Pregnant Women

Chetty

Mabaso

Abbai

2020

Infectious Diseases in Obstetrics and Gynecology

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Background. Trichomonas vaginalis is the causative agent of trichomoniasis. The genetic characterisation of T. vaginalis isolates reveals significant genetic diversity in this organism. Data on the prevalence of different genotypes of T. vaginalis in South African populations is lacking. This study investigated the diversity of T. vaginalis in a pregnant population in South Africa. Methods. In this study, 362 pregnant women from the King Edward VIII Hospital in Durban, South Africa, provided vaginal swabs to be tested for the presence of T. vaginalis. T. vaginalis was detected using the TaqMan assay using commercially available primers and probes specific for this protozoan (Pr04646256_s1). The actin gene from T. vaginalis was amplified with gene-specific primers. The actin amplicons were digested with HindII, MseI, and RsaI, and the banding patterns were compared across the three digests for assignment of genotypes. Phylogenetic analysis was conducted using MEGA. Results. The prevalence of T. vaginalis in the study population was 12.9% (47/362). Genotype G was the most frequent genotype in our study population. Genotypes H and I were detected in one sample each. According to the multiple sequence alignments and phylogenetic analysis, a level of diversity was observed across and within genotypes. Four different single-nucleotide changes in the actin gene were detected. Sample TV358 (H genotype) contained a single amino acid substitution from glutamine to lysine. Sample TV184 (G genotype) contained a single amino acid substitution from glutamic acid to arginine. Sample TV357 (G genotype) contained two amino acid substitutions, arginine to leucine and glycine to aspartic acid. Conclusion. Three different genotypes were observed in the pregnant population. Diversity was observed across and within genotypes. The observed diversity can be challenging for future vaccine design and development of antigen-based rapid diagnostic tests for trichomoniasis.

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Detection of metronidazole resistance in Trichomonas vaginalis using uncultured vaginal swabs

et al. 2022

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Prevalence and risk factors for Trichomonas vaginalis infection in pregnant women in South Africa

Cited by 13 publications

References 23 publications

Prevalence and factors associated with Trichomonas vaginalis infection in indigenous Brazilian women

Prevalence and factors associated with Trichomonas vaginalis infection in indigenous Brazilian women

Genotypic Variation in Trichomonas vaginalis Detected in South African Pregnant Women

Detection of metronidazole resistance in Trichomonas vaginalis using uncultured vaginal swabs

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