Prevalence and risk factors for canine obesity surveyed in veterinary practices in Beijing, China

Mao, Junfu; Xia, Zhaofei; Chen, Jiangnan; Yu, Jinhai

doi:10.1016/j.prevetmed.2013.08.012

Cited by 114 publications

(129 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…When categorized in this manner, a posteriori , 62.3% of dogs were classified as having become overweight (Table 1). This is consistent with the reported prevalence of overweight dogs worldwide [2, 3, 15, 39]. …”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

“…Numerous investigations in various countries have identified risk factors that were associated with excess weight in overweight or obese but otherwise healthy dogs. The main reported risk factors are neutering, especially in females, high feeding frequency, sedentary lifestyle and specific breeds or cross-breeds [2, 14–16]. Human studies have determined factors during the gestational and infancy periods that affect the degree of obesity in adulthood.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Higher neonatal growth rate and body condition score at 7 months are predictive factors of obesity in adult female Beagle dogs

et al. 2017

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BackgroundThe risks during early growth on becoming overweight in adulthood are widely studied in humans. However, early-life predictive factors for canine adult overweight and obesity have not yet been studied.To identify factors that may help explain the development of overweight and obesity at adulthood in dogs, a longitudinal study of 2 years was conducted in 24 female Beagle dogs of the same age, sexual status, and raised under identical environmental conditions. By means of a hierarchical classification on principal components with the following quantitative values: fat-free mass (FFM), percentage fat mass and pelvic circumference at 2 years of age, three groups of dogs were established and were nominally named: ideal weight (IW, n = 9), slightly overweight (OW1, n = 6) and overweight (OW2, n = 9). With the aim of identifying predictive factors of development of obesity at adulthood parental characteristics, growth pattern, energy balance and plasma factors were analysed by logistic regression analysis.ResultsAt 24 months, the group compositions were in line with the body condition scores (BCS 1–9) values of the IW (5 or 6/9), the OW1 (6/9) and the OW2 (7 or 8/9) groups. Logistic regression analysis permitted the identification of neonatal growth rate during the first 2 weeks of life (GR2W) and BCS at 7 months as predictors for the development of obesity at adulthood. Seventy percent of dogs with either GR2W >125% or with BCS > 6/9 at 7 months belonged to the OW2 group. Results from energy intake and expenditure, corrected for FFM, showed that there was a greater positive energy imbalance between 7 and 10 months for the OW2, compared to the IW group.ConclusionThis study expands the understanding of previously reported risk factors for being overweight or obese in dogs, establishing that (i) 15 out of 24 of the studied dogs became overweight and (ii) GR2W and BCS at 7 months of age could be used as predictive factors as overweight adult dogs in the OW2 group had higher values compared the other groups of dogs.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12917-017-0994-7) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Higher neonatal growth rate and body condition score at 7 months are predictive factors of obesity in adult female Beagle dogs

et al. 2017

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“…A number of studies have been published reporting the prevalence of the canine obesity in different countries, including France, England, the Netherlands, USA, Australia, China, and among others (10, 11). However, no studies have been reported evaluating the prevalence of canine obesity in Spain.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence of Canine Obesity, Obesity-Related Metabolic Dysfunction, and Relationship with Owner Obesity in an Obesogenic Region of Spain

et al. 2017

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The main objective of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of canine obesity and obesity-related metabolic dysfunction (ORMD) in the obesogenic area in Spain. The prevalence of overweight/obesity among owners of obese pets was also evaluated. In the sample population studied (93 client-owned dogs), 40.9% of dogs presented obesity (body condition score 7–9/9), 40.9% of dogs presented hypertension, 20.4% of dogs presented fasting hypertriglyceridemia, 20.4% fasting hypercholesterolemia, and 5.4% of dogs presented fasting hyperglycemia. The overall prevalence of ORMD was of 22.6%. Seventy-eight percent of overweight/obese owners had overweight/obese dogs (P < 0.001) including all dogs diagnosed with ORMD. In conclusion, in the studied obesogenic region of Spain, the prevalence of canine obesity and ORMD was shown to be elevated and related to the presence of overweight/obesity in owners. All dogs with ORMD were owned by overweight/obese persons. These results provide new inputs for future studies highlighting the relationship between owner and pet obesity and indicating the need of further efforts to control and reduce obesity prevalence in both.

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“…Interestingly, the incidence of obesity is higher in spayed female dogs than in neutered males (Edney and Smith, 1986;Mao et al, 2013), and d_ENREF_7aily food intake is higher in neutered compared to ovariohysterectomised dogs (Houpt et al, 1979). Another study found that female dogs have a significant decrease in daily energy expenditure after ovariectomy which may also contribute to the neutering induced obesity risk .…”

Section: Other Endocrine Disordersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Translational value of animal models of obesity—Focus on dogs and cats

Osto

Lutz

2015

European Journal of Pharmacology

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A prolonged imbalance between a relative increase in energy intake over a decrease in energy expenditure results in the development of obesity; extended periods of a positive energy balance eventually lead to the accumulation of abnormally high amounts of fat in adipose tissue but also in other organs. Obesity is considered a clinical state of impaired general heath in which the excessive increase in adipose tissue mass may be associated with metabolic disorders such as type 2 diabetes mellitus, hyperlipidemia, hypertension and cardiovascular diseases. This review discusses briefly the use of animal models for the study of obesity and its comorbidities. Generally, most studies are performed with rodents, such as diet induced obesity and genetic models. Here, we focus specifically on two different species, namely dogs and cats. Obese dogs and cats show many features of human obesity. Interestingly, however, dogs and cats differ from each other in certain aspects because even though obese dogs may become insulin resistant, this does not result in the development of diabetes mellitus. In fact, diabetes in dogs is typically not associated with obesity because dogs present a type 1 diabetes-like syndrome. On the other hand, obese cats often develop diabetes mellitus which shares many features with human type 2 diabetes; feline and human diabetes are similar in respect to their pathophysiology, underlying risk factors and treatment strategies. Our review discusses genetic and endocrine factors in obesity, discusses obesity induced changes in lipid metabolism and includes some recent findings on the role of gut microbiota in obesity. Compared to research in rodent models, the array of available techniques and tools is unfortunately still rather limited in dogs and cats. Hence, even though physiological and pathophysiological phenomena are well described in dogs and cats, the underlying mechanisms are often not known and studies investigating causality specifically are scarce. diabetes; feline and human diabetes are similar in respect to their pathophysiology, underlying risk factors and treatment strategies. Our review discusses genetic and endocrine factors in obesity, discusses obesity induced changes in lipid metabolism and includes some recent findings on the role of gut microbiota in obesity. Compared to research in rodent models, the array of available techniques and tools is unfortunately still rather limited in dogs and cats.Hence, even though physiological and pathophysiological phenomena are well described in dogs and cats, the underlying mechanisms are often not known and studies investigating causality specifically are scarce.

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Prevalence and risk factors for canine obesity surveyed in veterinary practices in Beijing, China

Cited by 114 publications

References 22 publications

Higher neonatal growth rate and body condition score at 7 months are predictive factors of obesity in adult female Beagle dogs

Higher neonatal growth rate and body condition score at 7 months are predictive factors of obesity in adult female Beagle dogs

Prevalence of Canine Obesity, Obesity-Related Metabolic Dysfunction, and Relationship with Owner Obesity in an Obesogenic Region of Spain

Translational value of animal models of obesity—Focus on dogs and cats

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