Prevalence and Risk Factors for Hypertension in Adansi South, Ghana

Duah, Amos F.; Werts, Niya; Hutton-Rogers, Laurencia; Amankwa, David; Otupiri, Easmon

doi:10.1177/2158244013515689

Cited by 14 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…Where systolic and diastolic hypertension were separately provided, we selected the higher of the two for analysis. In one study in which adolescents were included with the adult sample [ 26 ], hypertension in adolescents was defined as having SBP or DBP greater than or equal to the 95 th percentile in line with the recommendations of the National High Blood Pressure Education Program Working Group on High Blood Pressure in Children and Adolescents [ 27 ].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence, awareness and control of hypertension in Ghana: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Bosu

Bosu²

2021

PLoS ONE

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Background Hypertension is a major health problem in Ghana, being a leading cause of admissions and deaths in the country. In the context of a changing food and health policy environment, we undertook a systematic review (PROSPERO registration number: CRD42020177174) and a meta-analysis of the prevalence of adult hypertension, and its awareness and control in Ghana. Methods We searched major databases including PubMed, Embase as well as Google Scholar and online digital collections of public universities of Ghana to locate relevant published and unpublished community-based articles up till April 2020. Findings Eighty-five articles involving 82,045 apparently-healthy subjects aged 15–100 years were analyzed. In individual studies, the prevalence of hypertension, defined in most cases as blood pressure ≥ 140/90 mmHg, ranged from 2.8% to 67.5%. The pooled prevalence from the meta-analysis was 27.0% (95% CI 24.0%-30.0%), being twice as high in the coastal (28%, 95% CI: 24.0%-31.0%) and middle geo-ecological belts (29%, 95% CI: 25.0%-33.0%) as in the northern belt (13%, 95% CI: 7.0%-21.0%). The prevalence was similar by sex, urban-rural residence or peer-review status of the included studies. It did not appear to vary over the study year period 1976–2019. Of the subjects with hypertension, only 35% (95% CI: 29.0%-41.0%) were aware of it, 22% (95% CI: 16.0%-29.0%) were on treatment and 6.0% (95% CI: 3.0%-10.0%) had their blood pressure controlled. Sensitivity analyses corroborated the robust estimates. There was, however, high heterogeneity (I2 = 98.7%) across the studies which was partly explained by prevalent obesity in the subjects. Conclusion More than one in four adults in Ghana have hypertension. This high prevalence has persisted for decades and is similar in rural and urban populations. With the low awareness and poor control of hypertension, greater investments in cardiovascular health are required if Ghana is to meet the global target for hypertension.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence, awareness and control of hypertension in Ghana: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Bosu

Bosu²

2021

PLoS ONE

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“…hypertension [7]). For all categorical variables, data are presented as percentage with 95% confidence interval (CI) as a measure of accuracy.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Given an α-level of 0.05, this study had a statistical power of 70% to detect a disease occurrence of 20% ± 7% (e.g. hypertension [ 7 ]). For all categorical variables, data are presented as percentage with 95% confidence interval (CI) as a measure of accuracy.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Adolescent health in rural Ghana: A cross-sectional study on the co-occurrence of infectious diseases, malnutrition and cardio-metabolic risk factors

et al. 2017

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In sub-Saharan Africa, infectious diseases and malnutrition constitute the main health problems in children, while adolescents and adults are increasingly facing cardio-metabolic conditions. Among adolescents as the largest population group in this region, we investigated the co-occurrence of infectious diseases, malnutrition and cardio-metabolic risk factors (CRFs), and evaluated demographic, socio-economic and medical risk factors for these entities. In a cross-sectional study among 188 adolescents in rural Ghana, malarial infection, common infectious diseases and Body Mass Index were assessed. We measured ferritin, C-reactive protein, retinol, fasting glucose and blood pressure. Socio-demographic data were documented. We analyzed the proportions (95% confidence interval, CI) and the co-occurrence of infectious diseases (malaria, other common diseases), malnutrition (underweight, stunting, iron deficiency, vitamin A deficiency [VAD]), and CRFs (overweight, obesity, impaired fasting glucose, hypertension). In logistic regression, odds ratios (OR) and 95% CIs were calculated for the associations with socio-demographic factors. In this Ghanaian population (age range, 14.4–15.5 years; males, 50%), the proportions were for infectious diseases 45% (95% CI: 38–52%), for malnutrition 50% (43–57%) and for CRFs 16% (11–21%). Infectious diseases and malnutrition frequently co-existed (28%; 21–34%). Specifically, VAD increased the odds of non-malarial infectious diseases 3-fold (95% CI: 1.03, 10.19). Overlap of CRFs with infectious diseases (6%; 2–9%) or with malnutrition (7%; 3–11%) was also present. Male gender and low socio-economic status increased the odds of infectious diseases and malnutrition, respectively. Malarial infection, chronic malnutrition and VAD remain the predominant health problems among these Ghanaian adolescents. Investigating the relationships with evolving CRFs is warranted.

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“…In all, increase in awareness, treatment and control rates of hypertension will have a huge and significant impact on Cardio Vascular Diseases (CVD) in Africa [27] . Elevated body mass index (BMI) has been identified as the main risk factor of HPT [28] . A recent study in Ghana found that over a third of the study population was either overweight or obese [22] .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence and awareness of Hypertension among urban and rural Adults in the Keta Municipality, Ghana

Atinyi¹,

Takramah²,

Axame³

et al. 2017

J. Med. Res.

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Background: With the changing trends in the epidemiology of hypertension (HPT), recent studies have shown an increasing prevalence of HPT in rural than urban communities. This study examined the prevalence of HPT and its awareness among urban and ruraladults in Keta Municipality. Method: A population-based cross-sectional study involving 264 adults (18-65 years). Face-to-face interview using semi-structured questionnaire was used to collect information. Blood pressure and anthropometric measurements were taken following standard procedures. Differences in means were determined using t-test. Associations between independent categorical variables and HPT were determined using Chi-square and multivariable logistic regression model. The correlation coefficient was computed to determine the strength and direction of the relationship between anthropometric indices and hypertension. Results: At the time of the survey, HPT prevalence was 146 (55.3%). Out of this, 49 (43%) were from urban and 65 (57.0%) from rural areas. Diagnosed HPT was 49 (30.1%), of which the majority, 32 (65.3%) were from urban and 17 (34.7%) from rural areas. Of the 32 Hypertensives from the urban areas, 20 (62.5%) were uncontrolled. Of the 17 Hypertensives among the rural adults, 12 (70.6%) were uncontrolled. Undiagnosed HPT was 114 (53.0%), with 19 (49.0%) among urban and 65 (56.5%) among rural adult population. Females were 0.29 times less likely to have HPT as compared to males (AOR=0.29, p=0.007]. Thosewith JHS, SHS and tertiary education were 0.48, 0.25 and 0.29 times less likely to have HPT (AOR=0.48, p=0.043), (AOR=0.25, p=0.004) and (AOR=0.29, p=0.031) respectively. Those with a family history of HPT were 2.46 times more likely to have HPT (AOR=2.46, p=0.003). Adults with moderate and high-risk WHR were 2.58 and 2.61 times more likely to have HPT [AOR=2.58, p=0.039] and [AOR=2.61, p=0.032] respectively. There was a positive linear relationship between age and BMI in both urban and rural settings and HPT. Conclusion: The prevalence of HPT is very high among adults in the Keta Municipality.Rural adults are more affected than urban, probably due to higher awareness and control of HPT among the urban population.Creation of awareness on HPT and its management are needed to enhance the prevention and control among rural adults.

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Prevalence and Risk Factors for Hypertension in Adansi South, Ghana

Cited by 14 publications

References 17 publications

Prevalence, awareness and control of hypertension in Ghana: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Prevalence, awareness and control of hypertension in Ghana: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Adolescent health in rural Ghana: A cross-sectional study on the co-occurrence of infectious diseases, malnutrition and cardio-metabolic risk factors

Prevalence and awareness of Hypertension among urban and rural Adults in the Keta Municipality, Ghana

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