Prevalence and Risk Factors for Periodontal Disease Among Women Attending Antenatal Care in Public Hospitals, Southwest Ethiopia, 2022: A Multicenter Cross-Sectional Study

Abstract

Background Periodontal disease is characterized by the inflammation of all tissues that surround and support the teeth, and it is the most common public health problem worldwide. It has many different contributing factors, such as poor oral hygiene, smoking, anemia, bacterial plaque, poor economic status, and nutritional deficiency. It also causes different feto-maternal complications like preeclampsia, gestational diabetes, preterm labor, low birth weight, and early abortion. Thus, this study aimed to assess the prevalence and associated factors of periodontal disease among pregnant women. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted among 618 women at public hospitals in the Southwest Ethiopia. Data were collected using a systematic random sampling method and a structured interviewer administered questionnaire. The data were entered into Epi-Data Manager 4.2 and then transferred to a statistical package for social science (SPSS) version 21 for analysis. The logistic regression analysis was done to see the significant association between each predictor with periodontal disease by considering a p-value of <0.05 and a CI of 95%. Results A total of 618 women attending ANC with a 100% response rate were enrolled in this study. The mean and standard deviation of the age of the study participants was 31.07 ± 7.8 years. The periodontal disease was observed among 240 (38.8%) of the total participants with 95% C.I of (35%, 43%). Predictors like rural residency, women who could not read and write, women with poor wealth index, nutritional status of underweight, had no information about periodontal disease, depression, history of diabetes mellitus, self-perceived halitosis, no history of ANC, and lower gestational age were found to be significantly associated with periodontal disease. Conclusion In this study, the prevalence of periodontal disease was found to be significantly higher. Therefore, in order to minimize the burden of periodontal disease among pregnant women, oral, medical, and mental health education should be promoted.

Knowledge and Practice on Periodontal Health among Women Residing in Rural Area of Bali Province, Indonesia

“…Around 47% low-risk pregnant women in Brazil experienced periodontal diseases [15]. The prevalence of periodontal diseases among pregnant women in China, Ethiopia, Sudan, Jordan, and India was 6.8%, 38.8%, 24%, 31%, and 54.8%, respectively [16][17][18][19]. Higher prevalence of periodontal diseases has been observed among pre-conceived women of reproductive age in China, approximately between 73.9% to 84.7%.…”

Morphological and molecular identification of a new local strain of Eikenella corrodens isolated from chronic periodontitis

“…The two primer concentrations, which were (1 µM for each); also, and the template total amount of DNA which was (100 ng), were used as advised by the company. PCR cycling conditions for the gene of 16S rRNA are illustrated in Table (1) below. On 2% agarose gel, the products of PCR were taken separately, adding the stain of Midori Green Advance DNA.…”

“…The mild early inflammation of the gums occurs as a result of the accumulation of bacteria, and plaque in the mouth and leads to infection, associated with bleeding and swelling of the gums, pain, and may progress to periodontitis when left untreated (1). The accumulation of inflammatory cells across the gingival furrow promotes the growth of Gram-negative bacteria, which are rich in proteolytic enzymes that consume glycoproteins as a main source of energy, virulence factors and metabolic activity (2).…”

Inflamasi Gusi Dan Karies Gigi Pada Ibu Hamil Serta Kaitannya Dengan Status Gizi Di Kabupaten Pandeglang, Banten Tahun 2021

“…20,21 Bertolak belakang dengan dengan penelitian Dhaifullah dkk, 2019 dan belay dkk, 2022 yang menyatakan terdapat hubungan faktor sosiodemografi dan keluhan penyakit periodontal. 22,23 Hormon kehamilan juga berperan penting terhadap kejadian penyakit periodontal yaitu kadar estrogen meningkat menyebabkan perubahan keratinisasi pada epitel gingiva dan perubahan substansi dasar jaringan ikat. Hal ini kemudian mempengaruhi penurunan efektivitas ketahanan lapisan epitel.…”