Prevalence and risk factors for HBV and HCV in prisoners in Iran: a national bio‐behavioural surveillance survey in 2015

Moradi, Ghobad; Gouya, Mohammad-Mehdi; Zavareh, Fatemeh Azimizan; Mohamadi-Bolbanabad, Amjad; Darvishi, Sonia; Aghasadeghi, Mohammad Reza; Nabavi, Mahmood; Alasvand, Ramin; Tashakorian, Mehrzad; Nouri, Bijan; Rahmani, Khaled; Molaei, Leila

doi:10.1111/tmi.13065

Cited by 42 publications

(52 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…This is the rst study that evaluates the impact of an HCV care program among newly admitted inmates in Iran, and one of the rst studies that investigate the post-release engagement with HCV care worldwide. The prevalence of HCV antibody in this study was lower than the national estimations (5.2% vs. 8-28%) (28,29), which may indicate the lower HCV infection rate among new inmates compared to the entire prison population. The overall engagement in treatment with 89% uptake and 85% completion rate was greatly high, underlining the effectiveness of HCV interventions among people with criminal justice involvement.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 76%

Continuum of Hepatitis C Care Cascade in Prison and Following Release in the Direct-acting Antivirals Era

Hariri

Sharafi

Sheikh

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Background People with criminal justice involvement contribute remarkably to the rising hepatitis C virus (HCV) burden; however, the continuum of care is a major barrier to prison-based programs. We aimed to evaluate a comprehensive HCV care model in an Iranian provincial prison. Methods Between 2017–2018, in the Karaj Central Prison, newly admitted male inmates received HCV antibody testing and venipuncture for RNA testing (antibody-positive only). Participants with positive RNA underwent direct-acting antiviral (DAA) therapy (Sofosbuvir/Daclatasvir). Sustained virological response was evaluated at 12 weeks post-treatment (SVR12). Results Overall, from 3,485 participants, 182 (5.2%) and 117 (3.4%) tested positive for HCV antibody and RNA, respectively. Among 116 patients who were eligible for treatment, 24% (n = 28) were released before treatment and 72% (n = 83) initiated DAA therapy, of whom 81% (n = 67/83) completed treatment in prison and the rest were released. Of total released patients, 68% (n = 30/44) were linked to care in community, and 70% (n = 21/30) completed treatment, including 60% (n = 12/20) and 90% (n = 9/10) among those who were released before and during treatment, respectively. The overall HCV treatment uptake and completion were 89% (n = 103/116) and 85% (n = 88/103), respectively. From people who completed treatment, 43% (n = 38/88) attended for response assessment and all were cured (SVR = 100%). Conclusions Integrated HCV care models are highly effective and can be significantly strengthened by post-release interventions. The close collaboration of community and prison healthcare systems is crucial to promote high levels of adherence to treatment. Future studies should investigate the predictors of engagement with HCV care following release.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 76%

Continuum of Hepatitis C Care Cascade in Prison and Following Release in the Direct-acting Antivirals Era

Hariri

Sharafi

Sheikh

et al. 2020

Preprint

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“…The simultaneous investigation of the prevalence of HBV and HCV in this study and other studies in Iran show that the prevalence of HCV is signi cantly higher than the prevalence of HBV among prisoners and drug users (10,12), while at the community level, HBV is slightly more prevalent than HCV (10). Hence, when resources and facilities are limited, it is recommended to give priority to HCV than HBV.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 55%

“…The present cross-sectional study is part of a series of reiterating biobehavioral surveillance surveys (BBSSs) of HBV and HCV among Iranian prisoners that were carried out in 2015 and 2016. The methodology of BBSSs was the same in both periods and is presented in comprehensively published BBSSs (12,17), however, a summary is provided below. The statistical population included all Iranian prisoners who were in prison at the time of the study.…”

Section: Data Sourcementioning

confidence: 99%

“…The prevalence of HBV and HCV among the general population were 0.9% in 2012 (10) and 0.6% in 2015 (11), respectively. The mentioned gures, respectively, were 2.5% and 9.5% in prisons in 2015 (12), while they were reported to be 30.9% and 51.5%, respectively, among PWID in 2012 (10). Therefore, the prevalence of HBV and HCV among incarcerated PWID is expected to be signi cantly higher than the gures mentioned above.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…Daneshmand and Davoodian's study on incarcerated PWID in Iran showed that the duration of imprisonment is one of the factors associated with the prevalence of HBV and HCV (13,14). A population-based study on Iranian prisoners conducted by Moradi et al showed that the prevalence of HBV and HCV was associated with a history of drug use; in addition, the prevalence of HCV was associated with a history of tattooing and an age of >30 years old (12). Silverman et al conducted a study in Mexico and showed that the prevalence of HCV in prisons had a positive relationship with injecting drug use, older ages, higher frequency of incarcerations, and a history of tattooing, while it had a negative relationship with higher levels of education and being married (15).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Prevalence and risk factors for HBV and HCV among incarcerated people who inject drugs in Iran: a cross sectional study

Moradi

Mohamadi

Zareie

et al. 2020

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Background: This study aimed at determining the prevalence of and risk factors for hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) among incarcerated people who inject drugs (PWID) in Iran during 2015-16. Methods : The required data was collected from a database provided by Iranian national bio-behavioral surveillance surveys (BBSSs) of 11988 prisoners who were selected using multi-stage sampling method from among 55 prisons in 19 provinces during 2015-16. The data on demographics and behavioral status of subjects were collected through interviews and the status of HBV and HCV exposure were determined using ELISA blood test. A total of 1387 individuals with a lifetime history of drug injection were enrolled into the study. Data were analyzed using the survey package in Stata/SE 14.0. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression were used to investigate the relationships between risk factors and outcomes. Results : The mean age of the incarcerated PWID was 36.83 ± 8.13 years. Of all, 98.46% were male and 50.97% were married. The prevalence of HCV and HBV were 40.52% and 2.46%, respectively. HCV prevalence was associated with age≥30 years, being single, illiteracy and low level of education, prison term>5 years, history of piercing, and extramarital sex in a lifetime (P<0.05). Conclusions : The prevalence of HCV is alarmingly high. In general, it is recommended to adopt measures for HCV screening and treatment and HBV vaccination for incarcerated PWID without a history of vaccination.

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Global prevalence of hepatitis C in prisoners: a comprehensive systematic review and meta-analysis

et al. 2022

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Prevalence and risk factors for HBV and HCV in prisoners in Iran: a national bio‐behavioural surveillance survey in 2015

Cited by 42 publications

References 39 publications

Continuum of Hepatitis C Care Cascade in Prison and Following Release in the Direct-acting Antivirals Era

Continuum of Hepatitis C Care Cascade in Prison and Following Release in the Direct-acting Antivirals Era

Prevalence and risk factors for HBV and HCV among incarcerated people who inject drugs in Iran: a cross sectional study

Global prevalence of hepatitis C in prisoners: a comprehensive systematic review and meta-analysis

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