Prevalence and Risk Factors of Comorbidities among Hypertensive Patients in China

Abstract

Hypertension is a severe threat to human being's health due to its association with many comorbidities. Many research works have explored hypertension's prevalence and treatment. However, few considered impact of patient's socioeconomic status and geographical disparities. We intended to fulfill that research gap by analyzing the association of the prevalence of hypertension and three important comorbidities with various socioeconomic and geographical factors. We also investigated the prevalence of those comorbidities if the patient has been diagnosed with hypertension. We obtained a large collection of medical records from 29 hospitals across China. We utilized Bayes' Theorem, Pearson's chi-squared test, univariate and multivariate regression methods and geographical detector methods to analyze the association between disease prevalence and risk factors. We first attempted to quantified and analyzed the spatial stratified heterogeneity of the prevalence of hypertension comorbidities by q-statistic using geographical detector methods. We found that the demographic and socioeconomic factors, and hospital class and geographical factors would have an enhanced interactive influence on the prevalence of hypertension comorbidities. Our findings can be leveraged by public health policy makers to allocate medical resources more effectively. Healthcare practitioners can also be benefited by our analysis to offer customized disease prevention for populations with different socioeconomic status.

Association between socioeconomic status and prevalence of non-communicable diseases risk factors and comorbidities in Bangladesh: findings from a nationwide cross-sectional survey

“…These high prevalence figures raise concerns of comorbidity, in which individuals suffer from more than one of the risk factors at a time, with this thought to be highly predictive of end point diseases, disability and death 12. There is evidence of comorbidity risk for factors including obesity, DM and HTN, predominantly coming from industrialised countries13–15 and LMICs16–18; however, evidence on NCDs comorbidity scants in Bangladesh. This is important as the patterning of NCDs is not uniform across countries of different income classification, with a higher prevalence of some NCDs risk factors, such as DM, found in higher socioeconomic groups in many studies in LMICs, contradicting those from higher income countries 19…”

A phase 3 double-blind randomized (CONSORT-compliant) study of azilsartan medoxomil compared to valsartan in Chinese patients with essential hypertension

“…[ 18 , 19 ] There was a low incidence of SAEs and a low rate of discontinuations due to TEAEs. The most frequent TEAE (hyperlipidemia) is often comorbid with hypertension, [ 32 ] and the most frequent treatment-related TEAE (dizziness) is a common adverse reaction with ARBs. [ 33 ] There were no clinically meaningful trends in any treatment group with respect to laboratory parameters, including high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, total cholesterol, and triglycerides.…”

Hypertension management based on general practice care in Shanghai, China

“…Of note, the population was generally old with an average age of 70 years old, one of independent risk factors for the comorbidities, especially for stroke. On the other hand, recent study indicated that different comorbidities of hypertension influenced the patients' choices of hospital class to visit in China, that the patients with coronary heart disease were more likely to visit higher-classed hospitals instead of community hospitals [26]. There are also some limitations in this study.…”