Prevalence and Risk Factors of Anemia among Children 6–59 Months Old in Haiti

Abstract

Anemia has serious consequences on child growth, development, and survival. This study was conducted in Fond des Blancs and Villa, Haiti, to assess the prevalence of childhood anemia and its risk factors in order to inform program design. Children 6–59 months old (n = 557) were selected using a cross-sectional multistage sampling methodology. Hemoglobin was measured using the HemoCue technique. Descriptive and multivariate analyses were performed to determine prevalence and factors associated with anemia. The prevalence of childhood anemia was 38.8% (23.9% mild, 14.7% moderate, and 0.2% severe). Mean hemoglobin was 11.2 ± 1.2 g/dL. Variables associated with child anemia were age less than 24 months (OR = 2.6; P = 0.000), stunting (OR = 2.2; P = 0.005), and mother's low hemoglobin level (OR = 1.8; P = 0.011). Anemia among young children in Fond des Blancs and Villa is a public health problem. Predictors of child anemia in this region include child's age, stunting, and mother's anemia. Interventions and strategies aimed at addressing effectively anemia in this population must therefore target mothers and children under two years of age.

Assessment of the Prevalence of Anaemia and Associated Risk Factors among Children Under Five Years in rural communities ofthe Hohoe Municipality, Ghana

“…This finding is inconsistent with a study conducted in Kenya, which revealed thatanaemia was significantly higher in male than female children (p<0.001) [5].In the current study, though there was no significant association, children aged 48 to 59 months compared to those less age 6-11 months were 61% times less likely to develop anaemia as compared to the children aged 6-11 months (AOR=0.39, p=0.061). This finding is consistent with a study conducted in Haiti where children under 24 months were 2.6 times more likely to develop anaemia as compared to the older age (OR=2.6;P<0.001) [18].Another study conducted in Brazil also reported that children aged 24-35, 36-47 and 48-59 months were 0.61, 0.49 and 0.41 times less likely to develop anaemia [17].Another study conducted in North eastern Brazil also revealed that there was a significant association between children aged (6 to 23 months) and anaemia p<0.001) [8].The dietary sources of iron are very important to keep up with the rapid rate of red blood cell synthesis, since anaemia may result if thedietary sources are inadequate [8,20].…”

“…A similar finding was reported in Uganda where 2 out of every 3 children of young mothers had anaemia [18]. Another study in Northeastern Brazil also showed that children of mothers aged less than 20 years were 1.7 times more likely to have anaemia compared to older age group (p<0.001) [8].…”

A Study of Some Predictors of Anaemia in Children of Under-Five Years in India

“…1 Estimates suggest that 47.4% of children under five years of age are anaemic globally. 2 The most significant contributor to the onset of anaemia is iron deficiency and World Health Organization estimates that iron deficiency anaemia affects 50 percent of women and 40 percent of children in developing countries.…”

Perbedaan Kadar Hemoglobin, Asupan Zat Besi, dan Zinc pada Balita Stunting dan Non Stunting

“…Penurunan sekresi tersebut menyebabkan stunting 8 . Hubungan stunting dan anemia ditunjukkan oleh penelitian Ayoya, et al (2013) yang menunjukkan bahwa terdapat hubungan antara kejadian stunting dengan kejadian anemia. Bahkan salah satu penelitian di Ghana menunjukkan bahwa balita stunting memiliki risiko 2 kali lebih besar terkena anemia daripada balita non stunting 9 Prevalensi balita stunting di Surabaya masih cukup tinggi yaitu 21,5% pada tahun 2014.…”

“…Hubungan stunting dan anemia ditunjukkan oleh penelitian Ayoya, et al (2013) yang menunjukkan bahwa terdapat hubungan antara kejadian stunting dengan kejadian anemia. Bahkan salah satu penelitian di Ghana menunjukkan bahwa balita stunting memiliki risiko 2 kali lebih besar terkena anemia daripada balita non stunting 9 Prevalensi balita stunting di Surabaya masih cukup tinggi yaitu 21,5% pada tahun 2014. Salah satu daerah di Surabaya dengan prevalensi balita stunting yang cukup tinggi adalah Kelurahan Tambak Wedi yaitu sebesar 33% pada tahun 2016.…”