Prevalence and Risk Factors of Strabismus in a UK Multi-ethnic Birth Cohort

Bruce, Alison; Santorelli, Gillian

doi:10.1080/09273972.2016.1242639

Cited by 54 publications

(44 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…; Doyle et al. ), which is on average 10 times higher than in normally developing children (Bruce & Santorelli ; Schuster et al. ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…Children with DS who initially have no refraction error are at risk of developing refraction errors. Furthermore, the prevalence of strabismus in DS is 15-47% Cregg et al 2003;Stewart et al 2007;Ljubic et al 2011;Morton 2011;Watt et al 2015;Doyle et al 2016), which is on average 10 times higher than in normally developing children (Bruce & Santorelli 2016;Schuster et al 2017). In DS, the onset of strabismus occurs mostly between 3 and 6 years of age.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effects of bifocals on visual acuity in children with Down syndrome: a randomized controlled trial

Weger

Boonstra

Goossens

2018

Acta Ophthalmologica

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Purpose Children with Down syndrome ( DS ) typically have reduced visual acuity ( VA ) and accommodation lag, but it is unclear whether prescribed glasses should correct both distance VA ( DVA ) and near VA ( NVA ) due to the lack of RCT s. We therefore conducted a multicentre RCT to compare the effects of bifocals designed to correct both DVA and NVA with distance‐correcting unifocal glasses in children with DS . Methods A total of 119 children with DS , aged 2–16, were randomly allocated for bifocal or unifocal glasses (with full correction of refraction error in cycloplegia) in 14 Dutch hospitals and followed during 1 year. VA data were analysed in relation to baseline VA with ancova . Results Treatment groups showed no differences at baseline. Shortly after receiving new corrections (~6 weeks), uncrowded NVA (bifocals 0.18 ± 0.33 LogMar; unifocals 0.09 ± 0.19 LogMar) and crowded NVA with bifocals (bifocals 0.13 ± 0.36 LogMar; unifocals 0.08 ± 0.33 LogMar) were significantly better than at baseline, but these short‐term improvements in NVA were not significantly different between the two treatments (p > 0.151). The 1‐year treatment differences were as follows: significantly larger improvement for bifocals compared to unifocals in both uncrowded NVA (bifocals 0.23 ± 0.29 LogMar, unifocals 0.12 ± 0.30 LogMar, p = 0.045) and crowded NVA (bifocals 0.31 ± 0.28 LogMar; unifocals 0.16 ± 0.30 LogMar, p = 0.017). Improvements in DVA were comparable (bifocals 0.07 ± 0.21 LogMar, unifocals 0.08 ± 0.22 LogMar, p = 0.565). Children with poor baseline VA improved more. Accommodation lag stayed unchanged. Conclusion After one year, bifocals with full correction of ametropia led to significantly larger improvement of both uncrowded NVA and crowded NVA in children with DS with accommodation lag compared to unifocals.

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“…; Doyle et al. ), which is on average 10 times higher than in normally developing children (Bruce & Santorelli ; Schuster et al. ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of bifocals on visual acuity in children with Down syndrome: a randomized controlled trial

Weger

Boonstra

Goossens

2018

Acta Ophthalmologica

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…Globally, the prevalence ranges from 2 to 6% [5][6][7]. e prevalence of strabismus was found to be 3.3% in whites, 2.1% in African American children [8], 1-4% in African [9][10][11][12], 2.4% in UK, [7] 2% in south East Iran [13], 3.1% in Sweden, [7] 5% in Saudi Arabia [14], 2.8% in Australia [7], 5.9% in Tanzania [10], 2.8% in Sudan [11], and 1.53% in Ethiopia [12].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Knowledge towards Strabismus and Associated Factors among Adults in Gondar Town, Northwest Ethiopia

Assaye

Tegegn

Assefa

et al. 2020

Journal of Ophthalmology

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Introduction. Strabismus/squint is an ocular misalignment in which the eyes are not properly aligned with each other. It is an avoidable cause of blindness and has a global prevalence which ranges from 2% to 6%. Knowledge of eye diseases is important in encouraging people to seek early treatment, which further helps in reducing the burden of visual impairment. Studies in Ethiopia showed that the level of good knowledge was 37%. There is a lack of information regarding knowledge and related factors of strabismus in the study area and limited in Ethiopia at large. Objective. The aim of this study was to asses knowledge about strabismus and associated factors among adults in Gondar town, Northwest Ethiopia. Methods. Community-based cross-sectional study was conducted using a pretested structured questionnaire through face to face interview from April 17 to May 01, 2019. Using multistage random sampling, 553 participants were included. Data from the entire questionnaire were coded, entered into Epi info version 7, and exported to SPSS version 20 for processing and analysis. Binary logistic regression was fitted, and variables with P value <0.05 in the multivariable logistic regression were considered as statistically significant. Results. A total of 553 adults with a response rate of 93.25% participated in the study. The median age was 33 (IQR = 14) years. Among the participants, 52.3% (95% CI: 47.9–56.4) had good knowledge towards strabismus. Being a student (AOR = 2.15, (95% CI: 1.11–4.13) was positively associated, while monthly income >5000 birrs (AOR = 0.44, 95% CI: 0.26–0.76) was negatively associated with good knowledge about strabismus. Conclusion. Almost half of the participants had good knowledge. Occupation and monthly income had a significant association with knowledge about strabismus. Since the source of information (TV/radio and Internet) was extremely important for the reliability and the level of knowledge, it is better to have sufficient media coverage.

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“…b; Gulati et al. ; Bruce & Santorelli ). In recent decades, an increasing number of studies have been conducted to explore the relationship between smoking and eye‐related diseases.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Previous studies have identified that ethnicity, family history, genetic conditions, low birthweight and prematurity were risk factors for strabismus (Taira et al 2003;Wilmer & Backus 2009;Torp-Pedersen et al 2010b;Gulati et al 2014;Bruce & Santorelli 2016). In recent decades, an increasing number of studies have been conducted to explore the relationship between smoking and eye-related diseases.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Maternal smoking during pregnancy and the risk of strabismus in offspring: a meta‐analysis

Yang

Wang

Gan

et al. 2018

Acta Ophthalmologica

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The effect of maternal smoking during pregnancy on strabismus in offspring remains unclear. We conducted a meta‐analysis to summarize epidemiological evidences on the association between maternal smoking during pregnancy and the risk of offspring strabismus. Eligible studies were searched from the PubMed, Ovid, Embase and CNKI databases up to May 2018. The qualities of included articles were assessed with the Newcastle–Ottawa Scale and the assessment scale recommended by the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality. Odds ratios (ORs) corresponding with its 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were pooled to estimate the effects of maternal cigarette smoking on the risk of offspring strabismus. Subgroup analyses and meta‐regression were performed to explore the potential sources of heterogeneity. The Begg's test and Egger's test were used to assess the publication bias. Eleven articles involving 4,833 patients with strabismus were included. The pooled OR showed that maternal smoking during pregnancy was significantly associated with strabismus in offspring (OR = 1.46, 95% CI = 1.32–1.60). Compared with less than 10 cigarettes per day (OR = 1.17, 95% CI = 1.06–1.29), maternal smoking 10 cigarettes or more per day during pregnancy significantly increased the risk of offspring strabismus (OR = 1.79, 95% CI = 1.39–2.31). The risk of developing esotropia and exotropia for smoking pregnant women, respectively, increased by 65% (OR = 1.65, 95% CI = 1.31–2.09 and OR = 1.65, 95% CI = 1.24–2.19) than those who did not smoke during pregnancy. Additionally, the increased risk of maternity smoking associated with offspring strabismus was stable across all subgroup analyses. Overall, maternal smoking during pregnancy was associated with a significantly increased risk of offspring strabismus and the result was persistent in subgroup analyses, suggesting the importance in changing smoking habit or smoking cessation for women who are pregnant or preparing to.

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Prevalence and Risk Factors of Strabismus in a UK Multi-ethnic Birth Cohort

Cited by 54 publications

References 18 publications

Effects of bifocals on visual acuity in children with Down syndrome: a randomized controlled trial

Effects of bifocals on visual acuity in children with Down syndrome: a randomized controlled trial

Knowledge towards Strabismus and Associated Factors among Adults in Gondar Town, Northwest Ethiopia

Maternal smoking during pregnancy and the risk of strabismus in offspring: a meta‐analysis

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