Prevalence and risk factors of anemia in children aged from 6 to 59 months in Togo: analysis from Togo demographic and health survey data, 2013–2014

Abstract

Background Anemia in children continues to be a major public health challenge in developing countries and particularly in Sub-Saharan Africa. Anemia has serious consequences on the growth and development of the children in the early stages of life. This study aimed to determine the prevalence and associated factors of anemia among children from 6 to 59 months in Togo. Methods Data from the Togo Demographic and Health Survey 2013–2014 were used for this study. This nationally representative survey provided data on a wide range of indicators such as mother and child health, nutrition and other characteristics. Anemia status was determined using hemoglobin level (Hb < 11.0 g/dl), and the weighted prevalence of childhood anemia along with 95% confidence intervals were provided. Data were analyzed using logistic regression models to estimate odds ratios (OR) and their 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) for associated factors. Results Two thousand eight hundred ninety children aged 6–59 months were included in this analysis. The weighted prevalence of anemia was 70.9% [95% CI = 68.8–73.1] with 2.6% [95% CI = 2.0–3.3] of severe anemia among these children. In the multivariate analysis, the adjusted odds ratio (aOR) for anemia was 0.33 [95% CI = 0.26–0.42] in children aged from 24 to 42 months and 0.22 [95% CI = 0.17–0.29] in children aged from 43 to 59 months. Children’s malaria status was strongly associated to childhood anemia with an aOR of 3.03 [95% CI = 2.49–3.68]. The secondary level of education and more for the mother was associated to childhood anemia with an aOR of 0.67 [95% CI = 0.52–0.86]. The aOR for children whose mother had anemia was 1.62 [95% CI = 1.30–2.02]. Conclusion This study has highlighted the high prevalence of childhood anemia in Togo and revealed that younger children and maternal anemia were positively associated to childhood anemia whereas age of children and high level of maternal education were negatively associated to childhood anemia.

Determinants of Anemia among Children Aged 6–59 Months in Ethiopia: Further Analysis of the 2016 Ethiopian Demographic Health Survey

“…e odds of developing anemia among children aged 24-42 months and 43-59 months was higher compared to those of children aged 43-59 months. is finding was in line with previous studies carried out in Ethiopia [10], Togo [29], Bangladesh [9,36], Brazil [22,31], Haiti [35], Asia and India [21], Burma [27], Sydney [37], and Nepal [33]. Growing children have a higher demand for micronutrients.…”

“…e odds of developing anemia among children whose mothers were anemic was higher compared to those of children whose mothers were not anemic. is finding was in line with studies carried out in Togo [29], Brazil [30,31], Kuwait [32], and Nepal [33]. is could be explained by the fact that these children share a common environment and socioeconomic and dietary conditions with the mother.…”

“…Residence (urban and rural), region (developing and major city administrative), mother's age (15)(16)(17)(18)(19)(20)(21)(22)(23)(24)(25)(26)(27)(28)(29)(30)(31)(32)(33)(34), and 35-49 years), mothers' education status (no education, primary, and secondary or above), mother's anemia status (no anemic and anemic), mother's occupation (working or not working outside home at the time of survey), mother's marital status (married and not married), family size (≤4, 5-8, and ≥9), mother's body mass index (BMI) (<18.5 kg/m 2 and 18.5 kg/m 2 ), source of drinking water (not improved and improved), wealth index (poor, middle, and rich), types of toilet (not improved and improved), number of living under-five children (3 or less or 4 or more), sex of the child (female and male), birth order (5 or less or 5 or more), nutritional status of children (stunting, underweight, and wasting), age of the child (6-23, 24-42, and 43-59 months), fever (no and yes) or diarrhea (no and yes) within two weeks before the survey, perceived size at birth (small, medium, and large), history of medication (antiparasite in the last 6 months (no and yes) and iron pills/ syrup in the last 7 day (no and yes), and early initiation of breastfeeding (no and yes) were included in the analysis as predicator variables.…”

Spatial Heterogeneity and Factors Influencing Anemia and Severe Anemia among Under-5 Children in Ethiopia: Spatial and Multilevel Analysis

“…Maternal anemia directly related to both child anemia and severe anemia. This nding strongly agrees with another nding like a study done in Ethiopia DHS-2011 [32], in Togo DHS 2013-14 [33], in Malawi DHS-2010 [34]. This strong association could be due to many factors that determine anemia because many things share between mother and child such as worm infection, malaria, and other infectious diseases that affect red blood cell production and iron stores [35].…”

Modeling Deficiency of Hemoglobin Severity Among Children in Ethiopia

“…PPOM can be used when parallel lines assumption holds or not. The maximum likelihood estimation technique was applied to estimate parameters of the model [13]. Data cleaning, management and analysis were carried out using STATA, Version 12.…”