Prevalence and risk factors of post-COVID-19 condition in adults and children at 6 and 12 months after hospital discharge: a prospective, cohort study in Moscow (StopCOVID)

Abstract

Background Previous studies assessing the prevalence of COVID-19 sequelae in adults and children were performed in the absence of an agreed definition. We investigated prevalence of post-COVID-19 condition (PCC) (WHO definition), at 6- and 12-months follow-up, amongst previously hospitalised adults and children and assessed risk factors. Methods Prospective cohort study of children and adults with confirmed COVID-19 in Moscow, hospitalised between April and August, 2020. Two follow-up telephone interviews, using the International Severe Acute Respiratory and Emerging Infection Consortium survey, were performed at 6 and 12 months after discharge. Results One thousand thirteen of 2509 (40%) of adults and 360 of 849 (42%) of children discharged participated in both the 6- and 12-month follow-ups. PCC prevalence was 50% (95% CI 47–53) in adults and 20% (95% CI 16–24) in children at 6 months, with decline to 34% (95% CI 31–37) and 11% (95% CI 8–14), respectively, at 12 months. In adults, female sex was associated with PCC at 6- and 12-month follow-up (OR 2.04, 95% CI 1.57 to 2.65) and (OR 2.04, 1.54 to 2.69), respectively. Pre-existing hypertension (OR 1.42, 1.04 to 1.94) was associated with post-COVID-19 condition at 12 months. In children, neurological comorbidities were associated with PCC both at 6 months (OR 4.38, 1.36 to 15.67) and 12 months (OR 8.96, 2.55 to 34.82) while allergic respiratory diseases were associated at 12 months (OR 2.66, 1.04 to 6.47). Conclusions Although prevalence of PCC declined one year after discharge, one in three adults and one in ten children experienced ongoing sequelae. In adults, females and persons with pre-existing hypertension, and in children, persons with neurological comorbidities or allergic respiratory diseases are at higher risk of PCC.

Determinants of Post-COVID-19 Conditions among SARS-CoV-2-Infected Patients in Saudi Arabia: A Web-Based Cross-Sectional Study

“…Gender variation has been linked to post-COVID-19 conditions, which has been described previously [ 14 ]. In our study, males appeared to have less risk of post-COVID-19 symptoms than females, similar to the previously reported data from hospitalized patients [ 14 , 17 ]. Moreover, the number and duration of acute COVID-19 symptoms are important risk factors in developing post-COVID-19 conditions.…”

“…In another prospective cohort study, in Russia, the authors included around 3358 adults and children with confirmed COVID-19 infection. The authors found that the prevalence of long COVID-19 was 50% and 20% among adults and children, respectively [ 17 ]. In our study, the prevalence of long COVID-19 was 34%, which was in the range of both studies.…”

“…These results agree with potential risk factors previously identified in a multicenter observational study [ 33 ]. In addition, several studies reported comorbidities, including hypertension, diabetes, and asthma [ 16 , 17 , 34 ]. Therefore, the number of comorbidities matters in post-COVID-19 conditions.…”

Post-Acute COVID-19 Sequelae in a Working Population at One Year Follow-Up: A Wide Range of Impacts from an Italian Sample

“…The questionnaire used in this study was developed for the ISARIC Global COVID-19 follow up protocol for adults [ 21 , 22 ] and associated standardized data-collection forms [ 23 , 24 , 25 , 26 ].…”

Allergic diseases and immunodeficiencies in children, lessons learnt from COVID‐19 pandemic by 2022: A statement from the EAACI‐section on pediatrics

“…Overall, cohort studies suggest lower prevalence in children when compared with adults, with 20% of previously hospitalized children having post‐COVID‐19 condition 6 months and 11% 1 year after discharge. 163 …”