Prevalence and risk factors of tungiasis among children of Wensho district, southern Ethiopia

Girma, Mekonnen; Astatkie, Ayalew; Asnake, Solomon

doi:10.1186/s12879-018-3373-5

Cited by 32 publications

(52 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…Unlike to our findings, studies conducted elsewhere have demonstrated that low educational levels of mothers and sharing houses with domestic animals increased risks of contracting tungiasis. In line with this, an increased risk of developing tungiasis among primary school children in Ethiopia was found among children whose mothers were uneducated [46]. This might be related to the poverty and ignorance of these mothers, who could be short of financial means necessary to cater for basic needs of their children such as purchasing shoes and clothes for them.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 93%

Factors associated with tungiasis among primary school children: a cross-sectional study in a rural district in Rwanda

Nsanzimana

Karanja

Kayongo³

et al. 2019

BMC Public Health

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Background Tungiasis is a relatively frequent ectoparasitosis in low-income settings, yet its morbidity and social impact are still not well understood due to the scarcity of information. In Rwanda, data on the magnitude and conditions leading to the tungiasis is rare. This study sought to determine the prevalence and factors associated with tungiasis among primary school children in Rwandan setting. Method A descriptive cross-sectional study utilising systematic random sampling method was adopted to select 384 children from three primary schools. From July to October 2018, data were collected on socio-demographic characteristics of children, parents, and households. Logistic regression was applied to analyse socio-demographic factors associated with tungiasis with a level of significance set at P -value< 0.05. Results Prevalence of tungiasis among three primary schools was 23%. Factors associated with tungiasis included walking barefoot (AOR: 78.41; 95% CI: 17.91–343.10), irregular wearing of shoes (AOR: 24.73; 95% CI: 6.27–97.41), having dirty feet (AOR: 12.69; 95% CI: 4.93–32.64), wearing dirty clothes (AOR: 12.69; 95% CI: 4.18–38.50), and living in a house with earthen plastered floor (AOR: 28.79; 95% CI: 7.11–116.57). Children infected with tungiasis attended class less frequently (AOR: 19.16, 95%CI: 7.20–50.97) and scored lower (AOR: 110.85, 95%CI: 43.08–285.20) than those non-infected. The low school attendance and poor performance could be partly explained by difficulty of walking, lack of concentration during school activities, and isolation or discrimination from classmates. Conclusion Tungiasis was a public health challenge among school going children in a rural Rwandan setting. This study revealed that children affected with tungiasis had poor hygiene, inadequate housing environments and consequently poor school attendance and performance. Improving socio-economic conditions of households with special emphasis on hygiene of family members and housing conditions, would contribute to preventing tungiasis. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12889-019-7481-y) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 93%

Factors associated with tungiasis among primary school children: a cross-sectional study in a rural district in Rwanda

Nsanzimana

Karanja

Kayongo³

et al. 2019

BMC Public Health

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“…Death may ensue when bacterial superinfection causes tetanus, gangrene, or septicaemia [ 13 , 14 , 17 ]. Ethiopia has a favorable environment for jigger fleas [ 18 ], and the prevalence of tungiasis ranges between 35% to 60% among school-aged children in southern Ethiopia [ 16 , 19 ]. Tinea is a fungal infection caused by dermatophyte infestation, usually on the scalp, foot, hand, groin, nails, or face [ 20 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Risk factors for scabies, tungiasis, and tinea infections among schoolchildren in southern Ethiopia: A cross-sectional Bayesian multilevel model

Amare

Lindtjørn

2021

PLoS Negl Trop Dis

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Background Skin problems cause significant sickness in communities with poor living conditions, but they have received less attention in national or global health studies because of their low mortality rates. In many developing regions, the prevalence of parasitic skin diseases among schoolchildren is not reported. Previous studies thus have attempted to identify risk factors for these conditions using the frequentist approach. This study aimed to assess the occurrence and risk factors of skin infections among rural schoolchildren in southern Ethiopia by combining a frequentist and a Bayesian approach. Methodology/Principal findings Using three-stage random sampling, we assessed 864 schoolchildren aged 7–14 years from the Wonago district in southern Ethiopia. We detected potential risk factors for scabies, tungiasis, and tinea infections and recorded their hygienic practices and socio-demographic information. The frequentist model revealed a clustering effect of 8.8% at the classroom level and an insignificant effect at the school level. The Bayesian model revealed a clustering effect of 16% at the classroom level and 5.3% at the school level. Almost three-fourths of the sample had at least one type of skin problem, and boys were at higher overall risk than girls (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 1.55 [95% Bayesian credible interval [BCI] 1.01, 2.28). Risk factors included unclean fingernails (aOR 1.85 [95% BCI 1.08, 2.97]); not washing the body (aOR 1.90 [95% BCI 1.21, 2.85]) and hair (aOR 3.07 [95% BCI 1.98, 4.57]) with soap every week; sharing a bed (aOR 1.97 [95% BCI 1.27, 2.89]), clothes (aOR 5.65 [95% BCI 3.31, 9.21]), or combs (aOR 3.65 [95% BCI 2.28, 5.53]); and living in a poor household (aOR 1.76 [95% BCI 1.03, 2.83]). Washing legs and feet with soap daily was identified as a protective factor for each of the three skin diseases (aOR 0.23 [95% BCI 0.15, 0.33]). Conclusions/Significance We observed high variation in skin problems at the classroom level, indicating the presence of shared risk factors in these locations. The findings suggest the need to improve children’s personal hygiene via health education by schoolteachers and health workers.

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“…Sleeping on the floor and crowded sleeping areas have also been cited [ 7 ]. Others are living with animals in the same house [ 11 ], occurrence of animals like dogs, cats, rats, cows, goats, chicken in the compound [ 12 , 13 ]and low education level [ 14 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spatial distribution, prevalence and potential risk factors of Tungiasis in Vihiga County, Kenya

et al. 2019

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BackgroundTungiasis is a parasitic disease caused by the sand flea Tunga penetrans also known as jigger flea. Communities living in precarious conditions in tropical and sub tropical countries bear the brunt of the infection. The main objective of this study was to determine the burden of Tungiasis in Vihiga County in Kenya.MethodsThis was a cross-sectional study conducted in 21 villages in 3 Sub-locations in Vihiga County, western Kenya. A total of 437 participants, 5 years old and above were clinically examined for the presence of tungiasis after consenting to take part in the study. Diagnosis was made following standard methods. A semi- structured questionnaire was administered to assess socio-demographic factors, housing, presence and ownership of animals, knowledge and practice related to tungiasis. Data were analyzed using bivariate and multivariate regression analysis. GIS was used to map the geographic distribution of tungiasis in the area.ResultsThe overall prevalence was found to be (21.5%; 95% CI: 17.7–25.3%). The cases were analysed and visualized in a map form. Multivariate analysis suggested that the occurrence of tungiasis was associated with variables that indicated low economic status (like a monthly income of Ksh ≤ 1000 (adjusted odds ratio 27.85; 95% CI: 4.13–187.59), earthen floor (0.36; 0.13–1.024) and lack of toilet facilities (4.27; 0.82–22.34), age of participant ≤14 (27.414; 10.02–74.99), no regular use of closed footwear (1.98; 0.987–3.97) and common resting place inside the house (1.93; 0.96–3.89).ConclusionsTungiasis is an important health problem in Vihiga County occasioned by the low economic status of the people affected. Factors that point to poverty contribute to the occurrence of tungiasis. These findings suggest a need to design control strategies for tungiasis that are cost effective and easily accessible.

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Prevalence and risk factors of tungiasis among children of Wensho district, southern Ethiopia

Cited by 32 publications

References 21 publications

Factors associated with tungiasis among primary school children: a cross-sectional study in a rural district in Rwanda

Factors associated with tungiasis among primary school children: a cross-sectional study in a rural district in Rwanda

Risk factors for scabies, tungiasis, and tinea infections among schoolchildren in southern Ethiopia: A cross-sectional Bayesian multilevel model

Spatial distribution, prevalence and potential risk factors of Tungiasis in Vihiga County, Kenya

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