Prevalence and risk factors of oral cavity parasites in pregnant women in Western Iran

Azadbakht, Kamran; Baharvand, Parastoo; Artemis, Pedram; Niazi, Massumeh; Mahmoudvand, Hossein

doi:10.1016/j.parepi.2022.e00275

Cited by 5 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…In a cross-sectional survey carried out in Iran, Azadbakht K et al found that the odds ratio (OR) of individuals brushing their teeth was 0.43 (95% CI: 0.21–0.88) in comparison with those who did not brush. Further, the OR of people who resided in urban areas was 0.22 (95% CI: 0.1–0.47) compared with those in rural places [ 61 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Trichomonas tenax: A Neglected Protozoan Infection in the Oral Cavities of Humans and Dogs—A Scoping Review

et al. 2023

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Trichomonas tenax is a flagellated protozoan parasite found in the oral cavities of humans and animals and has been associated with periodontal disease, the most prevalent inflammatory disease affecting them all. Studies have shown that T. tenax can cause damage to mammalian cells and secretes virulent proteins, such as cysteine. It is presently considered zoonotic. Despite the few studies that have been done, the pathogenicity of this oral protozoan is still not fully understood. A database search was performed in July 2022 using PubMed and Google Scholar to retrieve data eligible for this study. PRISMA-ScR guidelines were followed to conduct this scoping review. A total of 321 articles were found with 87 included in this review after applying the exclusion criteria. Due to its increasing prevalence worldwide in both humans and dogs, detecting and elucidating the pathogenicity of this parasite is paramount for effective global control and prevention of periodontal disease. However, there is a paucity in the literature on this neglected zoonotic trichomonad, which is in large contrast to the closely related human pathogen T. vaginalis. Here, we comprehensively review the history, morphology and reproduction, host, prevalence, diagnosis, pathogenicity, control, and prevention of T. tenax. Hopefully, this article will call attention to both medical and veterinary professionals as well as epidemiologists on this most neglected and zoonotic protozoan. More epidemiological and clinical studies need to be conducted on T. tenax to gain a better understanding of its pathogenicity, to increase the chances of developing effective drugs to aid in the control of this oral parasite, and reduce the spread of periodontal disease worldwide.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Trichomonas tenax: A Neglected Protozoan Infection in the Oral Cavities of Humans and Dogs—A Scoping Review

et al. 2023

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“…Qiagen kits was used to extract DNA from all specimens based on the protocol of producer. The extracted DNA was applied to amplify of the SrRNA gene for E. gingivalis suing the primers of forward (5′-GCGCATTTCGAACAGGAATGTAGA-3′) and reverse (5′- CAAAGCCTTTTCAATAGTATCTTCATTCA- 3′ ( 17 , 18 ) as well as 18S ribosomal RNA gene for T. tenax using the primers of forward (5′-ATGACCAGTTCCATCGATGCCATTC-3′) and reverse (5′-CTCCAAAGATTCTGCCACTAACAAG -3′) according the previous study ( 13 ). The thermal condition was 6 min at 93 °C for early denaturation, 35 cycles of 30 sec at 93 °C, 30 sec at 57 °C, 60 sec at 72 °C, and a last extension phase of 10 min at 72 °C.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Considering the prevalence of these parasites, although several studies have been conducted in children with in people with periodontitis and gingivitis, pregnant women, patients undergoing chemotherapy ( 13 – 15 ); nevertheless, the frequency of these oral protozoa and their related risk factors in pediatric oncology children has not been studied. Hence, we aimed to study the molecular epidemiology and risk factors of T. tenax and E. gingivalis in children with underlying malignancies and those on chemotherapy in Lorestan Province, West of Iran.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular Epidemiology and Associated Risk Factors of Parasites in Oral Cavity of Children with Malignancies in Western Iran

Kooshki,

Khalaf,

Mahmoudvand

et al. 2023

IJPA

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Background: This survey was designed to study the molecular epidemiology and risk factors of Entamoeba gingivalis and Trichomonas tenax in children with underlying malignancies and those on chemotherapy in Lorestan province, West of Iran. Methods: The present cross-sectional descriptive study was performed on children who suffering from different types of malignancies or receiving treatment by chemotherapy referring to oncology section of hospitals of Lorestan Province, Iran during May 2021 to April 2022. The frequency of oral cavity protozoa was investigated using microscopic and conventional polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Results: E. gingivalis and T. tenax parasites were found in 23 (25.5%) by microscopic method and 28 (31.1%) using PCR in children with malignancy. Among positive samples, 20 (71.4%) were infected with E. gingivalis; whereas 8 (28.6%) of the participants were positive for T. tenax. In the multivariate model, living in rural regions (OR= 3.437; 95% CI= 1.22-9.63; p=0.019) and using mouthwash (OR= 0.082; 95% CI= 0.018-0.37; p<0.001) were significantly related with the frequency of oral cavity parasites. Conclusion: Our results showed the high frequency of oral cavity parasites in children who suffering malignancies or receiving treatment by chemotherapy in Lorestan province, Iran. The awareness of the main risk factors for oral cavity parasites particularly using mouthwash is necessary in improving public and oral health strategies in children with cancer. Consequently, oncologist and dental practitioners must be aware to identify and manage oral health concerns in in children who suffering from different types of malignancies to prevent the oral diseases and infections.

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“…The extracted DNAs were used for conventional PCR analysis for identification of oral parasites. Two distinct sets of PCR primers were employed to amplify and for the detection of E. gingivalis and T. tenax as previously described by Azadbakht et al (2022) including: SrRNA gene for E. gingivalis using the primers of Forward: 5′-GCGCATTTCGAACAGGAATGTAGA -3′ and Reveres: 5′-CAAAGCCTTTTCAATAGTATCTTCATTCA-3′, as well as 18S ribosomal RNA gene for T. tenax using the primers of forward (5′-ATGACCAGTTCCATCGATGCCATTC-3′) and reverse (5′-CTCCAAAGATTCTGCCACTAACAAG -3′). The size of the PCR bands for the E. gingivalis and T. tenax was 454 and 496 bp, respectively.…”

Section: Amplification and Conventional Polymerase Chain Reactionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence, socio-economic, and associated risk factors of oral cavity parasites in children with intellectual disability from Lorestan province, Iran

Selahbarzin,

Mahmoudvand,

Khalaf

et al. 2024

Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol.

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IntroductionChildren with intellectual disability (ID) often face challenges in maintaining proper oral hygiene due to their motor, sensory, and intellectual impairments, which can lead to compromised oral health; therefore, there is a need to enhance the oral health status of these populations and establish an effective system for administering preventive interventions. Here, we aimed to evaluate the prevalence of Entamoeba gingivalis and Trichomonas tenax among children with ID in Lorestan province, in Western Iran through parasitological and molecular methods.MethodsThe current descriptive investigation involved 215 in children with ID and 215 healthy children (non-ID) who were referred to health facilities in Lorestan province, Iran between October 2022 and March 2024. The prevalence of protozoa in the oral cavity was found through the utilization of both microscopic analysis and conventional polymerase chain reaction (PCR) techniques.ResultsThe total prevalence of the E. gingivalis and T. tenax in children with ID was found to be 87 (40.5%) and 92 (42.8%) through microscopic and PCR methods, respectively. Among the positive samples, 57 (61.9%) and 35 (38.1%) children tested positive for E. gingivalis and T. tenax, respectively. In contrast, among the 215 non-ID children in the control group, 39 (18.1%) and 42 (19.5%) tested positive by microscopic and PCR methods, respectively. Among positive samples in non-ID children, 23 (54.7%) and 19 (45.3%) children were positive for E. gingivalis and T. tenax, respectively. Multiple logistic regression analysis indicated that residing in urban areas, parental education, monthly family income, and tooth brushing p<0.001) were identified as independent risk factors for oral cavity parasites.ConclusionThis study identified a notable prevalence of oral cavity parasites in children with ID in Lorestan province, Western Iran. It is imperative to recognize the primary risk factors associated with these parasites, particularly inadequate teeth brushing, in order to enhance public and oral health strategies for children with ID. Therefore, pediatric dental professionals should remain vigilant regarding these risk factors to effectively recognize and address oral health issues in this population, thereby mitigating the occurrence of oral diseases and infections.

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Prevalence and risk factors of oral cavity parasites in pregnant women in Western Iran

Cited by 5 publications

References 18 publications

Trichomonas tenax: A Neglected Protozoan Infection in the Oral Cavities of Humans and Dogs—A Scoping Review

Trichomonas tenax: A Neglected Protozoan Infection in the Oral Cavities of Humans and Dogs—A Scoping Review

Molecular Epidemiology and Associated Risk Factors of Parasites in Oral Cavity of Children with Malignancies in Western Iran

Prevalence, socio-economic, and associated risk factors of oral cavity parasites in children with intellectual disability from Lorestan province, Iran

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