Prevalence and risk factors of diarrheal diseases in Sierra Leone, 2019: a cross-sectional study

Bah, Doris; Gebru, Gebrekrstos Negash; Hakizimana, Jean Leonard; Ogbonna, Uzoma; Sesay, Bockarie Pompay; Bah, Binta; Mansaray, Paul; Charles, Joseph O.; Jimmy, Aiah; Leno, Amara; Jalloh, Fatmata; Sengu, Nyuma; Sogbeh, Solomon Aiah; Mansaray, Hamidu; Kanneh, Lansan; Elduma, Adel Hussein

doi:10.11604/pamj.2022.41.3.32403

Cited by 5 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…This study also examined risk perceptions and WASH-related practices including diarrheal disease risk factors such as demographic, water, sanitation, hygiene, knowledge, and practices. Various studies have revealed that water, sanitation, demographic, and behavioural factors significantly predict diarrheal disease occurrence (14,25,26). Nearly all of the study subjects emphasized the importance of hand washing, suggesting that the MOHS's WASH-related intervention was effective.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Knowledge and practices of the adult population on diarrheal diseases, transmission, and prevention in Sierra Leone: A community-based cluster survey

Sesay¹,

Hakizimana²,

Elduma³

et al. 2023

ajhs

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INTRODUCTION There is limited information on the knowledge and prevention practices of diarrheal disease transmission among adults in Sierra Leone. We assessed the level of knowledge and practices of adults on diarrheal disease transmission and prevention in Sierra Leone. METHODOLOGY A community-based cross-sectional cluster survey was conducted in four districts of Sierra Leone. A pre-tested, structured questionnaire was used to collect demographic, knowledge and practices on water, sanitation and hygiene (WASH), diarrheal diseases transmission and prevention. On Knowledge questions, a score above 50% was categorized as adequate and below 50% was categorized as poor. We calculated frequencies, proportions and chi-square to compare knowledge and practice differences between urban and rural settings. RESULTS Of the total 926 study subjects, 676 (73%) were female, with a median age of 29 years (range:18 - 96 years). Almost, 75% (671/926) of study participants had adequate knowledge of the critical moments of hand washing, higher in urban (79%) compared to rural areas (66%), (p<0.001). Forty-one per cent (377/926) of the study participants had limited knowledge of diarrheal diseases transmission with 48% in urban and 33% in rural areas (p<0.001), 87% (801/926) had limited knowledge of the measures of diarrheal diseases prevention, higher in rural, 416 (92%) compared to urban, 385 (81%), (p<0.001). CONCLUSION Study participants had adequate knowledge on the importance of handwashing, and the critical times to wash hands. Study participants had limited knowledge about the transmission and prevention of diarrheal disease. The majority of the study subjects practice hand hygiene and safe water treatment method in urban as compared to rural settings. We recommend developing a WASH-related sensitization program to improve community awareness of diarrheal disease transmission and prevention.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Knowledge and practices of the adult population on diarrheal diseases, transmission, and prevention in Sierra Leone: A community-based cluster survey

Sesay¹,

Hakizimana²,

Elduma³

et al. 2023

ajhs

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“…The high frequency of use of these facilities is likely to encourage the contamination of adult users with infectious agents and, thus, the transmission of pathogenic agents from adult users to children. 53 This provides evidence in favour of increasing household access to basic sanitation services to combat diarrhoea in children under 5 years. Furthermore, as in the present study, we have not come across any studies that have observed an association between the level of access to sanitation and ARI in children under 5 years.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As for limited sanitation services, although they are based on improved technologies, they have the disadvantage of being shared with other households. The high frequency of use of these facilities is likely to encourage the contamination of adult users with infectious agents and, thus, the transmission of pathogenic agents from adult users to children 53. This provides evidence in favour of increasing household access to basic sanitation services to combat diarrhoea in children under 5 years.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Exploring the association between household access to water, sanitation and hygiene (WASH) services and common childhood diseases using data from the 2017–2018 Demographic and Health Survey in Benin: focus on diarrhoea and acute respiratory infection

Gaffan,

Degbey,

Kpozehouen

et al. 2023

BMJ Open

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ObjectiveThe paper aimed to study the association between household access to water, sanitation and hygiene (WASH) services and the occurrence of diarrhoea and acute respiratory infection among children under 5 years in Benin.DesignWe performed secondary analyses using Benin’s Fifth Demographic and Health Survey datasets. The dependent variables were diarrhoea and acute respiratory infection (yes=1, no=0). Among the independent variables were the household access to individual WASH services, grouped as follows: ‘basic’, ‘limited’, ‘unimproved’ and ‘no service’. Multivariate logistic regression was used to determine the association between household access to WASH services and the occurrence of diarrhoea and acute respiratory infection. Results from the multivariate logistic regression were presented using adjusted Odds Ratios (aORs) with 95% Confidence Intervals (95% CIs).SettingBenin.ParticipantsChildren under 5 years successfully surveyed during Benin’s Fifth Demographic and Health Survey.Outcome measuresDiarrhoea and acute respiratory infection.ResultsIn the current study, 12 034 children under 5 years met the selection criteria and were included in the analyses. The prevalence of diarrhoea and acute respiratory infection was 10.5% (95% CI=9.8% to 11.3%) and 2.9% (95% CI=2.5% to 3.4%), respectively. Children living in households without sanitation service, that is, practising open defecation (aOR=1.9, 95% CI=1.4 to 2.6), and with unimproved (aOR=1.9, 95% CI=1.3 to 2.7) and limited (aOR=1.5, 95% CI=1.1 to 2.2) services were more likely to have diarrhoea compared with children with basic sanitation services. Household access to WASH services was not associated with acute respiratory infection.ConclusionWe suggest reinforcing household access to basic sanitation services to combat diarrhoea in children under 5 years. Further research is needed on the effects of WASH interventions on diarrhoea and acute respiratory infection in children under 5 years.

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“…Diarrheal illness is a serious health problematic international [1]. It is perhaps one of the most important reasons of sickness and death amongst infants and broods in developing countries [2]. Recent worldwide estimations suggest that diarrhea kills around 3.2 million under five children each year with a per child average of 3-4 acute chapters per year.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association of Maternal Factors Towards Acute Diarrhoeal Episodes in Under Five Children in Chhindwara District: A Cross-Sectional Study

NANDURKAR

UPADHYAY

ARYA

et al. 2022

Asian J Pharm Clin Res

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Background: Diarrhea is widely documented as a major cause of childhood morbidity and mortality in countless developing countries, particularly in India. According to the World Health Organization (WHO) report, diarrheal diseases are still leading causes of mortality and morbidity in children below 5 years of age. Objective: The present study done to estimate the association amid maternal factors and prevalence of acute diarrheal illnesses in children below 5 years of age in Chhindwara district. Methods: This community-based and cross-sectional study conducted in the urban field practice area attached to Department of Community Medicine of Chhindwara Institute of Medical Sciences, Chhindwara, from January 2019 to December 2019 was aimed to estimate the connotation between maternal factors and prevalence of acute diarrheal diseases in children under 5 years of age in Indian locations. Study tools included a pre-structured questionnaire. Baseline information of education area was taken from the Urban Primary Health Centre in the catchment area of medical college, Chhindwara. Data were arrived in Microsoft Excel spreadsheet to perform analysis. Results: In our study, 310 mothers who used to take bath daily of which 58 (19.9%) had diarrheal episodes, whereas out of 18 mothers who do not take bath daily, 11 (61.1%) had diarrheal episodes. Further, 292 mothers of children who castoff to wash their hands daily earlier the meals of which 58 (15.8%) children had diarrheal events, whereas out of 7 (38.9%) mothers who did not wash their hands before meals, 27 (12%) children had diarrheal incidents. Conclusion: The present study indicated that maternal factors bear an important impact on morbidity caused by diarrhea.

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Prevalence and risk factors of diarrheal diseases in Sierra Leone, 2019: a cross-sectional study

Cited by 5 publications

References 22 publications

Knowledge and practices of the adult population on diarrheal diseases, transmission, and prevention in Sierra Leone: A community-based cluster survey

Knowledge and practices of the adult population on diarrheal diseases, transmission, and prevention in Sierra Leone: A community-based cluster survey

Exploring the association between household access to water, sanitation and hygiene (WASH) services and common childhood diseases using data from the 2017–2018 Demographic and Health Survey in Benin: focus on diarrhoea and acute respiratory infection

Association of Maternal Factors Towards Acute Diarrhoeal Episodes in Under Five Children in Chhindwara District: A Cross-Sectional Study

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