Prevalence and risk factors of HIV infections among drug users and drug-using prostitutes in Amsterdam

Hoek, J. van den; Coutinho, Roel A.; Haastrecht, H J van; Zadelhoff, A.W.Van; Goudsmit, Jaap

doi:10.1097/00002030-198802000-00010

Cited by 183 publications

(55 citation statements)

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“…Study subjects were recruited from the Amsterdam Cohort Studies (ACS) among drug-users, an open, ongoing cohort study that started in December 1985 to study the epidemiology of HIV/AIDS and other blood-borne or sexually transmitted diseases [18], which was carried out in accordance with the Helsinki declaration and approved by the institutional Review Board. Participants visit the Amsterdam Health Service every 4-6 months to fill in a detailed questionnaire on IDU and other risky behaviours.…”

Section: Study Subjectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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HCV‐specific T‐cell responses in injecting drug users: evidence for previous exposure to HCV and a role for CD4+ T cells focussing on nonstructural proteins in viral clearance

Ruys

Nanlohy

Berg

et al. 2008

Journal of Viral Hepatitis

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SUMMARY. In order to understand the parameters associated with resolved hepatitis C virus (HCV)-infection, we analysed the HCV-specific T-cell responses longitudinally in 13 injecting drug-users (IDUs) with a prospectively identified acute HCV infection. Seven IDUs cleared HCV and six IDUs remained chronically infected. T-cell responses were followed in the period needed to resolve and a comparable time span in chronic carriers. Ex vivo T-cell responses were measured using interferon-c Elispot assays after stimulation with overlapping peptide pools spanning the complete HCV genome. CD4+ memory-T-cell responses were determined after 12-day stimulation with HCV proteins. The maximum response was compared between individuals. The T-cell responses measured directly ex vivo were weak but significantly higher in resolvers compared to chronic carriers, whereas the CD4+ memory-T-cell response was not different between resolvers and chronic carriers. However, HCV Core protein was targeted more often in chronic carriers compared to individuals resolving HCV infection. CD4+ T-cell responses predominantly targeting nonstructural proteins were associated with resolved HCV infection. Interestingly, observation of memory-T-cell responses present before the documented HCV-seroconversion suggests that reinfections in IDUs occur often. The presence of these responses however, were not predictive for the outcome of infection. However, a transition of the HCV-specific CD4+ memory-Tcell response from targeting Core to targeting nonstructural proteins during onset of infection was associated with a favourable outcome. Therefore, the specificity of the CD4+ memory-T-cell responses measured after 12-day expansion seems most predictive of resolved infection.

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Section: Study Subjectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Comparison between groups was performed using the highest observed T-cell response. The median time to development of the highest observed T-cell response was 11 months (range 4-23) in resolvers and 19 months (range [15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24] in chronic carriers (Fig. 1).…”

Section: T-cell Analysesmentioning

confidence: 99%

HCV‐specific T‐cell responses in injecting drug users: evidence for previous exposure to HCV and a role for CD4+ T cells focussing on nonstructural proteins in viral clearance

Ruys

Nanlohy

Berg

et al. 2008

Journal of Viral Hepatitis

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“…This open and ongoing study, initiated in December 1985, assesses the prevalence, incidence, and natural history of HIV infection and evaluates AIDS prevention measures. [23][24][25] Participants are mainly recruited from local methadone outposts, and until 1997 they were recruited as well from a sexually transmitted disease clinic for drug-addicted prostitutes.…”

Section: Participantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The impact of harm-reduction-based methadone treatment on mortality among heroin users

Langendam

Brussel²,

Coutinho³

et al. 2001

Am J Public Health

129

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OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study was to investigate the impact of harm-reduction-based methadone programs on mortality among heroin users. METHODS: A prospective cohort investigation was conducted among 827 participants in the Amsterdam Cohort Study. Poisson regression was used to identify methadone maintenance treatment characteristics (dosage, frequency of program attendance, and type of program) that are significantly and independently associated with mortality due to natural causes and overdose. RESULTS: From 1985 to 1996, 89 participants died of natural causes, and 31 died as a result of an overdose. After adjustment for HIV and underweight status, there was an increase in natural-cause mortality among subjects who left methadone treatment (relative risk [RR] = 2.38, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.28, 4.55). Leaving treatment was also related to higher overdose mortality, but only among injection drug users (RR = 4.55, 95% CI = 1.89, 10.00). CONCLUSIONS: Harm-reduction-based methadone treatment, in which the use of illicit drugs is tolerated, is strongly related to decreased mortality from natural causes and from overdoses. Provision of methadone in itself, together with social-medical care, appears more important than the actual methadone dosage.

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“…Early studies suggested a pattern in high-income countries in North America and Europe where HIV among FSWs was transmitted mainly through IDU (van den Hoek et al, 1988;Vioque et al, 1998), whereas in low-and mid-income countries in Africa and Asia, heterosexual transmission of HIV infection was the primary transmission route among FSWs (McKeganey, 1994;Kreiss et al, 1986;Nzila et al, 1991). However, that understanding has been complicated by more recent studies pointing to dual transmission of HIV/STIs among DU-FSWs.…”

Section: Hiv Transmission Mechanismsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Previous studies have shown that a significant portion of FSWs were injection drug users (IDUs) globally (Konings, 1996); commercial sex has been significantly correlated with drug abuse in Wuhan, China (p<0.01, OR=11.47) (Wei et al, 2004); hard-drug use among FSWs in Durban, South Africa, has been shown to be very common (41%) (Leggett, 2001); a study showed that 83% of FSWs in Amsterdam were IDUs (van den Hoek et al, 1988). Injection drug use was inextricably linked to commercial sex (Tyndall et al, 2002).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Drug-Using Female Sex Workers and HIV Risk: A Systematic Review of the Global Literature

Yu¹,

Li²

2018

GJHS

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This review examines the global literature concerning HIV risk among drug-using female sex workers (DU-FSWs). In the context of HIV prevention, the possible synergetic effects of sexual risk and drug-related risk merit a systematic review to get a better understanding of such effects among this highly vulnerable population. In particular, we look at research on the association between drug use and HIV risk among female sex workers (FSWs) in terms of multiple indicators such as HIV infection, needle sharing, and unprotected sex.The current review, through synthesizing the findings from 41 studies conducted in multiple nations, reveals a complex picture of HIV risk for DU-FSWs across diverse societies. Research findings are mixed but tend to show that drug-related and sex-related risk behaviors accelerated the risk of HIV/STI among DU-FSWs, underscoring considerable vulnerabilities. However, findings about the level of the association and significance, as well as the mechanisms of HIV transmission, are inconsistent among various empirical studies. The variations in findings may be attributed to the specificities of diverse social contexts, various characteristics of the study samples, and different measurements in different studies. The mixed findings point to the need for more empirical studies targeting DU-FSWs to understand how drug use and sexual risk interactively affect this population differently in different social contexts. Future research should focus on multiple-level risk/preventive factors, assess the overlap between drug-using networks and sexual networks, and identify the synergetic dynamics between drug use and sex work. Development of conceptual frameworks and methodological innovations are also needed.

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Prevalence and risk factors of HIV infections among drug users and drug-using prostitutes in Amsterdam

Cited by 183 publications

References 0 publications

HCV‐specific T‐cell responses in injecting drug users: evidence for previous exposure to HCV and a role for CD4+ T cells focussing on nonstructural proteins in viral clearance

HCV‐specific T‐cell responses in injecting drug users: evidence for previous exposure to HCV and a role for CD4+ T cells focussing on nonstructural proteins in viral clearance

The impact of harm-reduction-based methadone treatment on mortality among heroin users

Drug-Using Female Sex Workers and HIV Risk: A Systematic Review of the Global Literature

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