Prevalence and risk factors of the co‐occurrence of physical frailty and cognitive impairment in Chinese community‐dwelling older adults

Abstract

This cross-sectional study aimed to determine the prevalence of the co-occurrence of physical frailty and cognitive impairment and to identify its associated demographic, psychosocial and behavioural factors. Participants were recruited from 32 neighbourhoods using multistage sampling method in Xuhui District, Shanghai, China. A total of 1585 older adults were included who lived in community, were 75 years or older and without a clinical diagnosis of dementia. Based on the presences of frailty (using the modified frailty phenotype criteria) and/or cognitive impairment (using Chinese version Mini-Mental Status Examination stratified by educational level), the participants were classified into four groups: normal, cognitive impairment alone, frailty alone and co-occurrence. Multinomial logistic regression analyses were conducted to identify the demographic, psychosocial (depression, social participation and social support) and behavioural (sedentary lifestyle and sleep problems) characteristics associated with the co-occurrence of physical frailty and cognitive impairment. The prevalence of frailty alone, cognitive impairment alone and the co-occurrence of physical frailty and cognitive impairment in the study sample were 7%, 26.94% and 7.19% respectively. The results of multinomial logistic regression show the following characteristics significantly associated with the co-occurrence of physical frailty

An update on cognitive frailty: Its definition, impact, associated factors and underlying mechanisms, and interventions

“…Among sociodemographic factors, older age has been reported to be consistently associated with a higher prevalence of cognitive frailty regardless of the varied operational definitions. 13,18,23,25,35,46,50,52,71,74 Regarding sex, several studies investigating associated factors of cognitive frailty have demonstrated that women were more likely to be diagnosed with cognitive frailty defined by the varied definitions. 35,46,50,74,76 Although, multivariate analysis of most of these studies did not show the independent association of sex with cognitive frailty.…”

“…Depressive mood is reported to be associated with cognitive frailty regardless of the various operational definitions. 13,25,35,52,56,71,76 Rivan et al 52 investigated the risk factors of potentially reversible cognitive frailty in a community-based longitudinal study. As a result, a higher score on the Geriatric Depression Scale was associated with the incidence after a 5-year follow-up.…”

“…36,50 Activities Sedentary behavior and lower engagement in physical activities were reported to be associated with cognitive frailty in several studies. 13,19,35,51,55 Although, this association is natural given that the frailty phenotype includes the criterion of physical activity. 4 Katayama et al 71 investigated the relationship between lifestyle activity patterns and PCDS among 8003 community-dwelling older adults.…”

“…Other geriatric syndromes including sleep problems and hearing impairment are also reported as associated factors of cognitive frailty. 13,35 Comorbidities and polypharmacy…”

Global Research On Cognitive Frailty: A Bibliometric and Visual Analysis of Papers Published During 2013 – 2021

“…In a recent systematic review, the pooled prevalence of cognitive frailty among community-dwelling older adults was reported to be 9% and has increased in recent years [7]. Evidence showed that a variety of socio-demographic factors and health conditions can increase the risk of cognitive frailty, such as advanced age, low schooling, comorbidity, malnutrition, low social participation, sedentary lifestyle, and insomnia [8,9]. Moreover, many studies revealed that cognitive frailty can signi cantly increase the risk of dementia, mortality [8, 10,11], falls [12,13], and disability [14].…”