Prevalence and Risk Factors of Impaired Fasting Glucose in Egyptian Adults , Menoufia Governorate

Abstract

Objective: The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence and risk factors associated with impaired fasting glucose (IFG) in adult individuals. Background: Prediabetes is defined as blood glucose concentrations that are higher than normal but not of a magnitude which would correspond to a diagnosis of type 2 diabetes. Individuals with prediabetes have an increased high risk of developing type 2 diabetes and associated complications[1], and most type 2 diabetes patients have likely been in a state of hyperglycemia for several years prior to diagnosis [2]. Subject and method: Berket Elsabae district was randomly selected out of eight districts of Menoufia Governorate, of which two family health units were randomly selected. A randomized sample was selected from the attendants of these family health units for regular visits. 1,255 subjects were randomly selected for inclusion in the study. Results: The prevalence of IFG was 7.9 % (n= 99), of these 52.5 % (n=52) were males and 47.5% (n=73) were females, (OR =0.721, CI =0.477-1.089, p=0.12). The main risk factors associated with IFG were age (>45 years: P value = 0.003), being married (OR = 1.73, CI = 0.928-3.22, P value =0.001), and rural resident (OR =0.71, CI =0.446-1.132, P value = 0.149). History of hypertension, hyperlipidemia and chronic viral hepatitis were significantly associated with higher percentage of isolated impaired fasting blood glucose. Body mass index and blood pressure values were positively correlated to levels of fasting blood glucose group of the studied groups. Conclusion: Prediabetes with isolated impaired fasting blood glucose level was significantly related to patient education, history of hyperlipdemia, blood pressure and body mass index in the logistic regression model.

Magnitude and predictors of pre-diabetes among adults in health facilities of Gondar city, Ethiopia: a cross-sectional study

“…The study revealed that older adults had higher odds of developing pre-diabetes when they were compared to young adults. This finding is consistent with studies conducted in China (13), Egypt (7) and Cameroon (38). This possible explanation may be because, with age, β cells become insufficient to produce insulin and the sensitivity of human cells to insulin decreases (48).…”

“…The prevalence of pre-diabetes among adults in the current study is higher than that on the reports from Vietnam (8.1%) (8), India (6.3%) (35), Omani (9%) (36), Saudi Arabia (6.8%) (37), Uganda (8.6%) (12), Cameron(5.7%) (38), Egypt (7.3%) (7), and Kenya (12%) (9) and pocket area studies in Ethiopia (8%-12.9%) (10,18,39,40), which could be due to differences in sample size and study settings. Moreover, the living conditions could explain this discrepancy.…”

“…Moreover, the living conditions could explain this discrepancy. For instance, participants from Egypt, Saudi Arabia, and India (7,35,37) had a better income status than our study participants, which in turn improved their access to a better health service, including getting nutritional counseling (41). However, comparing this study with other studies in Ethiopia, people residing in urban areas are experiencing poor lifestyle changes, which includes an increased consumption of high energy but low quality foods and living a sedentary lifestyle (42).…”

“…The presence of other diseases (7); a family history of diabetes mellitus (8); sociodemographic factors, such as occupation, educational level, marital status, and urban residence (7,9,10); behavioral factors, such as frequent alcohol consumption (11), low levels of physical activity, poor diet diversity (12); being overweight (10,13) or obese (14); and a history of hypertension (15) were found to be predictors of pre-diabetes.…”