Prevalence and Risk of Blood-Borne and Sexually Transmitted Viral Infections in Incarcerated Youth in Salvador, Brazil: Opportunity and Obligation for Intervention

Fialho, Margaret; Messias, Márcia Cristina Fernandes; Page, Kimberly; Farre, Lourdes; Schmalb, Márcia; Pedral-Sampaio, Diana; Ramos, Maria Eliza Barbosa; Brites, Carlos

doi:10.1007/s10461-008-9409-x

Cited by 24 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…Nevertheless, the present findings are similar to results obtained in prisoners in the municipality of Manhuaçú, Minas Gerais state (6%), Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo state (8.7%), and Salvador, Bahia state (6.4%) (15,18,19). In the female incarcerated population of Campo Grande the rate was lower than that found in the Butantã Prison, São Paulo state (16.2%) (17).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 87%

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Prevalence and epidemiology of chronic hepatitis C among prisoners of Mato Grosso do Sul State, Brazil

Pompilio

Pontes

Castro

et al. 2011

J. Venom. Anim. Toxins incl. Trop. Dis

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Abstract:In Mato Grosso do Sul state, Brazil, the number of prisoners has increased in the recent years and the control of hepatitis C virus (HCV) has become more complex. The aim of the present study was to estimate the prevalence and identify the genotypes of HCV in prisoners as well as the factors associated with this infectious disease. Thereby, 443 men and 243 women from prisons were interviewed and subjected to blood collection. Anti-HCV reactive samples were analyzed by RT-PCR and genotyped. The overall seroprevalence of HCV infection was 4.8% (95%CI: 3.4 to 6.8%). Furthermore, the prevalence was higher in: men, injecting drug users, tattooed persons, those who were more than 50 years old, individuals who have been arrested multiple times, people with previous history of sexually transmitted disease (STD), persons who received blood transfusions or those with HIV/AIDS. The prevalence of RNA HCV by PCR was 3.0% (95%CI: 1.7 to 4.2%). Moreover, the coinfection of HIV and HCV was 33.3%. In addition, genotype 1 was the most frequent (85%) followed by genotype 3 (15%). The screening strategy for HCV and other infectious diseases in inmates is important as it establishes an early diagnosis, opportunity for treatment and allows the breaking of the transmission chain.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 87%

“…A review of previously published international studies has shown a range between 1.5-47.9% (9)(10)(11)(12)(13). Previous Brazilian studies have demonstrated values from 6.3 to 41% (14)(15)(16)(17)(18)(19).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 93%

Prevalence and epidemiology of chronic hepatitis C among prisoners of Mato Grosso do Sul State, Brazil

Pompilio

Pontes

Castro

et al. 2011

J. Venom. Anim. Toxins incl. Trop. Dis

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“…The lowest HBV and HCV prevalence reported was in an Indian jail (11.1% and 5%, respectively) [13], and the lowest HIV prevalence was seen in a prison in Hungary (0.04%) [14]. HTLV-1/2 usually is a low-prevalence infection among prisoner populations [15][16][17]. However, in Indonesia, there is a lack of information concerning the prevalence of blood-borne virus infections as well as the viral genotypes circulating among Indonesian high-risk communities, including that of drug abusers.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Molecular epidemiology of HIV, HBV, HCV, and HTLV-1/2 in drug abuser inmates in central Javan prisons, Indonesia

Prasetyo

Dirgahayu

Sari

et al. 2013

J Infect Dev Ctries

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Introduction: This study was conducted to determine the current molecular prevalence of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), hepatitis B virus (HBV), hepatitis C virus (HCV), hepatitis D virus (HDV), and human T lymphotropic virus-1/2 (HTLV-1/2) circulating among drug abuser inmates incarcerated in prisons located in Central Java, Indonesia. Methodology: Socio-epidemiological data and blood specimens were collected from 375 drug abuser inmates in four prisons. The blood samples were analyzed with serological and molecular testing for HIV, HBV, HCV, HDV, and HTLV-1/2. Results: The seroprevalence of HIV, HBsAg, HCV, HDV, and HTLV-1/2 in drug abuser inmates was 4.8% (18/375), 3.2% (12/375), 34.1% (128/375), 0% (0/375), and 3.7% (14/375), respectively. No co-infections of HIV and HBV were found. Co-infections of HIV/HCV, HIV/HTLV-1/2, HBV/HCV, HBV/HTLV-1/2, and HCV/HTLV-1/2 were prevalent at rates of 4% (15/375), 1.3% (5/375), 1.1% (4/375), 0.3% (1/375), and 2.1% (8/375), respectively. The HIV/HCV co-infection rate was significantly higher in injection drug users (IDUs) compared to non-IDUs. Triple co-infection of HIV/HCV/HTLV-1/2 was found only in three IDUs (0.8%). HIV CRF01_AE was found to be circulating in the inmates. HBV genotype B3 predominated, followed by C1. Subtypes adw and adr were found. HCV genotype 1a predominated among HCV-infected inmates, followed by 1c, 3k, 3a, 4a, and 1b. All HTLV-1 isolates shared 100% homology with HTLV-1 isolated in Japan, while all of the HTLV-2 isolates were subtype 2a. Conclusion: Drug abuser inmates in prisons may offer a unique community to bridge prevention and control of human blood-borne virus infection to the general community.

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“…International studies show that the overall HBV infection ranges from 1.8% to 62% [7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15] among adult inmates. Studies conducted with prisoners in Brazil determined HBV seroprevalence ranging from 11.1% to 26.4% 8,11,14,15 . This population is considered to be at high risk of HBV infection due to the prison lifestyle, including illicit drug use, unsafe sex with multiple sexual partners, homosexuality and tattooing.…”

Section: Seroprevalence Of Hepatitis B Virus Infection and Associatedmentioning

confidence: 99%

Seroprevalence of hepatitis B virus infection and associated factors among prison inmates in state of Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil

Stief

Martins

Andrade

et al. 2010

Rev. Soc. Bras. Med. Trop.

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INTRODUCTION: This study aimed to estimate the prevalence of HBV infection and associated factors among prison inmates in Campo Grande, MS. METHODS: A total of 408 individuals were interviewed regarding sociodemographic characteristics, associated factors and HBV vaccination using a standardized questionnaire. Blood samples were collected from all participants and serological markers for HBV were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) and/or antibodies against hepatitis B core antigen (anti-HBc) positive samples were tested for HBV-DNA by polymerase chain reaction. RESULTS: The overall prevalence of HBV infection was 17.9% (95%CI: 14.4-22.0). The HBsAg carrier rate was 0.5%; 56 (13.7%) individuals had been infected and developed natural immunity and 15 (3.7%) were positive for anti-HBc only. Ninety eight (24%) prisoners had only anti-HBs, suggesting that they had low vaccine coverage. An occult HBV infection rate of 0% was verified among anti-HBc-positive individuals. Multivariate analysis of associated factors showed that age > 35 years-old, low schooling level and illicit drug use are significantly associated with HBV infection. CONCLUSIONS: Analysis of the data showed HBV infection prevalence similar or slightly lower than that reported in other of Brazilian prisons. Independent predictors of HBV infection in this population include older age, low schooling level and illicit drug use.

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Prevalence and Risk of Blood-Borne and Sexually Transmitted Viral Infections in Incarcerated Youth in Salvador, Brazil: Opportunity and Obligation for Intervention

Cited by 24 publications

References 23 publications

Prevalence and epidemiology of chronic hepatitis C among prisoners of Mato Grosso do Sul State, Brazil

Prevalence and epidemiology of chronic hepatitis C among prisoners of Mato Grosso do Sul State, Brazil

Molecular epidemiology of HIV, HBV, HCV, and HTLV-1/2 in drug abuser inmates in central Javan prisons, Indonesia

Seroprevalence of hepatitis B virus infection and associated factors among prison inmates in state of Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil

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