Prevalence and Risks Factors of Prehypertension in Africa: A Systematic Review

Malik, Koussoh Simone; Adoubi, Kassi Anicet; Kouamé, Jérôme; Coulibaly, Madikiny; Tiade, Marie-Laure; Oga, Serge; Aké, Michèle; Aké, O.; Kouadio, Luc

doi:10.5334/aogh.2769

Cited by 9 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 47 publications

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“…of Kenyan adults are prehypertensive, the current study shows slightly lower proportions although it involved younger participants. The at-risk proportions in the current study are within ranges found regionally in the sub-Saharan Africa and the larger continent (20,(37)(38)(39). With previous observation that up to 30% of children and adolescents aged ≥12 years who have prehypertension develop CVD later in life (15,16), the high proportions with prehypertension in the current study may need to be addressed.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 58%

Prevalence of Modifiable Risk Factors for Cardiovascular Disease among School-going Children and Adolescents in Eldoret, Kenya

Magutah,

Mbuthia,

Osengo

et al. 2023

Preprint

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Cardiovascular disease (CVD) prevalence in Kenya is rising. Overweight, pre-hypertension and physical inactivity in younger ages is contributory. These risk factors are inadequately documented among Kenyan children and adolescents, hampering CVD prevention. This cross-sectional study randomly sampled 384 school children and adolescents. After obtaining assent and consent, global physical activity (PA) questionnaire was used to assess PA. Body mass index (BMI), Waist-Hip Ratio (WHR) and Waist-Height Ratio (WHtR) were determined. Blood pressure (BP) was also measured. Participants were 14.6±2.7 years, and 62.6% were female. Overall BMI was 19.8±3.9 kg/m2 with 8% having ≥25.0 kg/m2, 87% of whom were in secondary schools. Using SBP, 27.9% were at risk of CVD. For age ≥13 years old, males and females proportions were 42.5% and 20% respectively while that for <13 years old, it was 26.5% and 27% respectively. For DBP, 12.8% had elevated-to-hypertensive BP. For ages ≥ 13 years old, this was 13.2% and 8.3% for males and females respectively and for the <13 years old, the respective percentages were 11.8 and 25.4. Combining SBP and DBP, 8.1% of participants, mostly males, had elevated-to-hypertensive BP. Thirty-one percent of boys and 15.6% of girls were at CVD risk using respective WHR cutoffs of 0.90 and 0.85 (males, 0.93±0.02 ; females, 0.89±0.03). For WHtR, 39.6% of boys had values >0.463 cut-off (0.493±0.02), with 52.6% in secondary schools against 32.4% for girls having >0.469 cut-off (0.517±0.05), 69.7% being in secondary schools. Overall, 45% of participants were sports-inactive and 77.2% did minimal PA. Among school-going children and adolescents in Eldoret, Kenya, prevalence of CVD risk-factors was high especially among boys and in high schools. Large proportions had elevated BP, BMI, WHR and WHtR, and, further, were sedentary, posing high CVD risk. Lifestyle interventions to mitigate this public health concern among children and adolescent are urgently needed.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 58%

Prevalence of Modifiable Risk Factors for Cardiovascular Disease among School-going Children and Adolescents in Eldoret, Kenya

Magutah,

Mbuthia,

Osengo

et al. 2023

Preprint

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“…Prehypertension and HBP are often considered precursor stages of HTN, where the same risk factors may contribute to developing a more severe condition. However, the absence of a direct correlation in some cases may be due to variations in genetics, environment, and lifestyle, which influence the early and late stages of hypertension differently (35,36) .…”

Section: Factors Associated With Prehypertension and Hbpmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In terms of similarities, both for prehypertension and HTN, factors like advanced age, overweight/obesity, and T2DM are consistently reported as high risk. However, there is a notable difference in the influence of gender and ethnicity, which may vary between prehypertension and HTN, as indicated by studies conducted in different regions, including Latin America and the United States (33)(34)(35) .…”

Section: Factors Associated With Prehypertension and Hbpmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of Hypertension in Peru: Prevalence, Associated Factors, Knowledge, Management and Control, 2014-2022

Vera-Ponce,

Zuzunaga-Montoya,

Vásquez-Romero

et al. 2024

Preprint

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Introduction: Hypertension (HTN), prehypertension, and High Blood Pressure (HBP) represent a chronic medical condition of growing global concern. Highlighting the importance of Awareness, medication, and Control of HTN is essential. A significant proportion of hypertensive patients are unaware of their condition, hindering proper and early treatment. Among those diagnosed, not all receive or follow pharmacological treatment, and an even smaller percentage achieves effective blood pressure control. Objective: The main objectives include determining the prevalence, trends, and associated factors of HTN, as well as investigating prehypertension and the variability in HBP levels during the same period. Special attention will be given to self-reported, medicated, and Controlled hypertension, analyzing its evolution and associated factors. Methods: We conducted an analytical cross-sectional study using the National Survey of Demographic and Family Health database between 2014 and 2022. Our study included individuals aged 18 years and older, as the definitions of HTN apply to people from this age onwards. Results: The study revealed an overall HTN, prehypertension, and HBP prevalence of 20.76%, 33.44%, and 33.44%, respectively, with annual variations. An increasing trend in the prevalence of known, medicated, and controlled HTN was observed, with factors such as gender, age, educational level, and geographical region significantly influencing it. Conclusions: The investigation into HTN in Peru revealed an expanding occurrence of HTN, prehypertension, and HBP, emphasizing the necessity for early identification, suitable treatment, and effective management of HTN. A significant gap is observed between the condition's awareness and effective management, highlighting the urgent need for public health strategies that address both the prevention and treatment of HTN in Peru.

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“…In addition, epidemiological studies have shown that prehypertension is a common condition worldwide in as many as 30 to 50% of the studied population [9]. Approximately 90% of individuals with prehypertension have at least one cardiovascular risk factor, and 68% have at least one clinically significant risk factor for heart disease or stroke [10].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Additionally, many people are diagnosed with hypertension accidentally or after serious organ damage due to its asymptomatic nature. The level of awareness, treatment and control of the disease is still low in underdeveloped and developing countries, including our country, and as a result, most people affected by hypertension are unaware of their status [10].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Demographic and Socioeconomic Predictors of Prehypertension and Hypertension in the Adult Population: Serbian National Health Survey

Dimitrijev,

Radovanovic,

Vesic

et al. 2024

Medicina

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Background and Objectives: Prehypertension and hypertension are the most common cardiovascular disorders worldwide and are increasingly considered one of the most serious public health problems, particularly in developing countries. The objective of this study was to determine the frequency and demographic and socioeconomic predictors of prehypertension and hypertension in the adults in Serbia, and to examine the relationship between prehypertension and hypertension and health behavior determinants (smoking, alcohol use, physical activity) and individual aspects of health (a health self-assessment, multimorbidity, BMI, depressive symptoms). Materials and Methods: The research is part of the fourth National Population Health Survey conducted in 2019, which was conducted by the Republic Institute of Statistics, in cooperation with the Institute of Public Health of Serbia and the Ministry of Health of the Republic of Serbia. As a research instrument, questionnaires were used in accordance with the methodology of the European Health Survey. For the purposes of this research, data on the adult population aged 20 and over were used. Results: Women are at a reduced risk for both prehypertension (OR = 0.328) and hypertension (OR = 0.349) by nearly 70%. Similarly, those aged below 60 years have a lower risk for prehypertension and those younger than 40 years have a lower risk for hypertension (OR = 0.995), whereas people with a lower education have a 4.3 times higher risk of prehypertension (OR = 4.323) and a 1.6 times higher risk of hypertension (OR = 1.614). The poor have a 1.4 times higher risk of prehypertension (OR = 1.413) and a 1 times higher risk of hypertension (OR = 1.035). People with multimorbidity have a 1.2 times higher risk of both prehypertension (OR = 1.218) and a 4.8 times higher risk of hypertension (OR = 4.867). Conclusions: Male gender, lower education, poverty, age and the presence of multimorbidity are significant predictors of prehypertension and hypertension in the Serbian adult population, so preventive strategies should be aimed at these sensitive population groups.

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Prevalence and Risks Factors of Prehypertension in Africa: A Systematic Review

Cited by 9 publications

References 47 publications

Prevalence of Modifiable Risk Factors for Cardiovascular Disease among School-going Children and Adolescents in Eldoret, Kenya

Prevalence of Modifiable Risk Factors for Cardiovascular Disease among School-going Children and Adolescents in Eldoret, Kenya

Analysis of Hypertension in Peru: Prevalence, Associated Factors, Knowledge, Management and Control, 2014-2022

Demographic and Socioeconomic Predictors of Prehypertension and Hypertension in the Adult Population: Serbian National Health Survey

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