Prevalence and significance of minor anomalies in children with impaired development

Ulovec, Zlatko; Šošić, Zvonko; Škrinjarić, Ilija; Ćatović, Adnan; Čivljak, Marta; Szirovicza, Lajos

doi:10.1111/j.1651-2227.2004.tb03027.x

Cited by 7 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…The prevalence of CP in our study was found as a 17.9% rate, which was similar to this finding. It was reported that in 10-15% of cases with MR have visual impairments and 10-15% have hearing problems [13]. Similar with these reports, in our study we found that speaking and/or hearing impairment was 9.4% of the cases.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 82%

Psychotropic Medication Use in Children and Adolescents with Mental Retardation (MR)

Temtek¹

2015

AJPN

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Abstract:Background: The aim of this study was to assess the medication use in children and adolescents with mental retardation (MR) retrospectively in a cross-sectional study. Method: Between June and December 2013, records of the children and adolescents admitted by our policlinic were retrospectively evaluated and those who had MR diagnosis were analyzed. Results: Male sex was found as statistically related to the presence of psychiatric comorbidity and the pervasive developmental disorders (PDD). At least one medical diagnosis accompanying with MR was found in 49.7% (n=781) of all patients. 79.6% (n=1252) of all patients did not use any medication, 16.7% (n=262) of all sample were using one medication agent, 3.5% (n=55) of patients were using combined pharmacotherapy. The predictors of psychotropic medication were the following: the presence of comorbid any of psychiatric disorders, having attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), having conduct disorders (CD) and having anxiety disorders. Conclusions and Recommendations: This study has a descriptive nature of the children with MR admitted to the child psychiatry department. It was noticed that psychotropic agent use is preferable if there is a comorbid situation in mental retardation. There is a need for further studies with prospectively planned, multi-central with larger sampling in our country to draw up a way of health policies related to the children with MR.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 82%

Psychotropic Medication Use in Children and Adolescents with Mental Retardation (MR)

Temtek¹

2015

AJPN

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“…The incidence of minor physical anomalies has also been studied in search of relationships between various non‐syndromic disorders and abnormal embryogenesis or phenogenesis. Well‐known examples are the studies in childhood cancer [Kobayashi et al, 1968; Stojimirovic, 1981; Méhes et al, 1985, 1994, 1998; Fékété et al, 1987; Roganovic et al, 2002; Merks et al, 2003], diabetes mellitus [Méhes et al, 1986], metabolic disorders [Méhes, 1991], isolated urinary tract malformations [Méhes and Pinter, 1990], mental retardation [Smith and Bostian, 1964; Firestone et al, 1978; Meggyessy et al, 1980; Coorssen et al, 1991; Ulovec et al, 2004; Van Karnebeek et al, 2005], cerebral palsy [Miller, 1989], hyperactivity [Waldrop et al, 1968, 1978; Waldrop and Goering, 1971; Quinn and Rapoport, 1974; Walker, 1977; Campbell et al, 1978; Firestone et al, 1978; Burg et al, 1980; Links, 1980; Links et al, 1980; Simonds and Aston, 1981; Gualtieri et al, 1982; Vanoverloop et al, 1982; Fogel et al, 1985; Accardo et al, 1991], autism [Steg and Rapoport, 1975; Rodier et al, 1997; Miles and Hillman, 2000; Van Karnebeek et al, 2002], and other psychiatric disorders [Steg and Rapoport, 1975; Guy et al, 1983; Green et al, 1987, 1989, 1994a,b; O'Callaghan et al, 1991, 1995; McNeil et al, 1992; Lohr and Flynn, 1993; Alexander et al, 1994; McGrath et al, 1995, 2002; Lane et al, 1997; Lohr et al, 1997; Trixler et al, 1997, 2001; Akabaliev and Sivkov, 1998; Griffiths et al, 1998; Ismail et al, 1998, 2000; Weinstein et al, 1999; Akabaliev et al, 2001; Lawrie et al, 2001; Scutt et al, 2001; Schiffman et al, 2002; Elizarraras‐Rivas et al,…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Normal values for morphological abnormalities in school children

Merks

Özgen

Cluitmans

et al. 2006

American J of Med Genetics Pt A

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Clinical morphology has proven to be a strong tool in the delineation of many syndromes and a helpful instrument in molecular studies. Numerous studies have been performed investigating the prevalence of minor anomalies in various disorders; all concluding that minor anomalies can well be utilized as indicators of altered embryonic differentiation. However, for adequate evaluation, normal values for phenotypic abnormalities are essential. So far, only few studies on the frequency of phenotypic abnormalities in the normal population have been done having one thing in common: all were performed in newborn infants. We studied morphological characteristics in a group of 1,007 school children, representative for the Dutch population, through a body surface examination using detailed definitions for all morphological findings. The region of study and distribution of children over various school types was chosen in such a way that it represented the general Dutch population. The median age of the studied children was 11 years (range 8-14 years), sex ratio (M:F) was 0.93. Nine hundred twentythree children were of Caucasian descent, 84 others of mixed ethnic backgrounds. The reliability of the examinations was tested by independent scoring of 111 children by two observers, showing a kappa score of 0.85. Normal values for the morphological findings are presented together with their age-adjusted classification. These normal values provide a valuable source for validation of classifications of phenotypic abnormalities, especially those that are depending on frequency, that is, minor anomalies and common variants. Furthermore, they will allow a proper evaluation of patterns of phenotypic abnormalities found in patient groups with specific disorders. ß 2006 Wiley-Liss, Inc.

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“…In the absence of an identifiable syndrome, an increase in MPAs has also been reported in several groups including newborns, school-aged children, schizophrenic and autistic individuals, mentally retarded children, psychoneurotic children learning-disabled children speech, language and hearing-impaired children, hyperactive children and inhibited children. 6,8,9,11,13,16,[16][17][18][19][21][22][23][24][25][28][29][30][31][32][33] The previous literature described wide differences in the average frequency of MPAs per child among healthy school children. Steg et al, found an average value of 2.88, while Firestone et al, found 1.4 minor anomalies per child, for boys.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Various literature published in the past has concentrated on the prevalence, association and/or correlation of the MPAs in various psychiatric disorders like schizophrenia, attention-deficit hyperkinetic disorder (ADHD), first episode psychosis etc. 6,[13][14][15][16][17][18] There are only few studies in world literature where prevalence of MPAs has been assessed in children with mental impairment. 8,16,17 To our knowledge this is the first Indian study where prevalence of MPAs is being assessed in mentally retarded children.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…6,[13][14][15][16][17][18] There are only few studies in world literature where prevalence of MPAs has been assessed in children with mental impairment. 8,16,17 To our knowledge this is the first Indian study where prevalence of MPAs is being assessed in mentally retarded children. The present study has, therefore, been conducted to gain knowledge about the frequency, prevalence and severity of MPAs in MR.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A study on prevalence of minor physical anomalies in mentally retarded children in a tertiary care centre of India

Konar

Karmakar

Islam

et al. 2019

Int J Contemp Pediatr

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Background: Paucity of studies in world literature and lack of any Indian study assessing the frequency, prevalence and severity of minor physical anomalies (MPAs) in children with mental retardation (MR) as well as their importance for prediction and timely recognition of mental insufficiency, if any.Methods: A cross-sectional observational study involving 273 mentally retarded children aged 5-18 years was conducted over a period of one year and were compared with their age and sex matched controls. Waldrop and Halverson (1971) physical anomaly scale was used to assess those MPAs.Results: In the study group, higher percentage (79.85% vs. 40.29%) of children had MPAs with a predominance of multiple MPAs in comparison to healthy children (40.29% and 0%, respectively). Higher average frequency of MPAs per child was noted in the study group (1.42) than control group (0.40). Mean Waldrop weighting score was significantly higher among mentally retarded children than their controls (3.7±0.8 versus 0.8±0.2, P<0.0001). Authors noticed a gradual and significant decrease in Waldrop score with increase in intelligence quotient (IQ) [F=175.72, P<0.001]. A significant strong negative correlation between Waldrop score and IQ level (r=-0.89, P<0.001) was also observed. Out of eighteen variables of Waldrop score, seven were found as significant in binary logistic regression model for MR. Our model can explain 37.6% to 50.1% variability of the MR.Conclusions: MPAs are more prevalent in mentally retarded children than healthy children. A clear-cut demarcation between these two groups is possible by the frequency of anomalies and the increased strength of their expression (i.e. their weighting scores).

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Prevalence and significance of minor anomalies in children with impaired development

Abstract: The high prevalence of multiple minor anomalies in children with developmental disorders suggests that during early development, factors which cause the specific developmental disorder and the occurrence of a minor anomaly have a joint effect.

Cited by 7 publications

References 12 publications

Psychotropic Medication Use in Children and Adolescents with Mental Retardation (MR)

Psychotropic Medication Use in Children and Adolescents with Mental Retardation (MR)

Normal values for morphological abnormalities in school children

A study on prevalence of minor physical anomalies in mentally retarded children in a tertiary care centre of India

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