Prevalence and socio-behavioral influence of early childhood caries, ECC, and feeding habits among 6 – 36 months old children in Uganda and Tanzania

Masumo, Ray; Bårdsen, Asgeir; Mashoto, Kijakazi Obed; Åstrøm, Anne Nordrehaug

doi:10.1186/1472-6831-12-24

Cited by 78 publications

(105 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…Thus, the prevalence of hypoplasia observed in this study is likely to contribute to an increased risk of future caries [30]. A significant and positive association between enamel hypoplasia and ECC has been reported previously among the participants of this study [31], suggesting that enamel defects could be included as a dental health indicator in epidemiological studies of children in Tanzania.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 57%

Developmental defects of enamel in primary teeth and association with early life course events: a study of 6–36 month old children in Manyara, Tanzania

2013

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BackgroundChildren with low birth weight show an increased prevalence of developmental defects of enamel in the primary dentition that subsequently may predispose to early childhood caries (ECC).Focusing 6–36 months old, the purpose of this study was to assess the frequency of enamel defects in the primary dentition and identify influences of early life course factors; socio-demographics, birth weight, child’s early illness episodes and mothers’ perceived size of the child at birth, whilst controlling for more recent life course events in terms of current breastfeeding and oral hygiene.MethodsA cross-sectional study was conducted in the high fluoride area of Manyara, northern Tanzania including 1221 child-mother pairs who attended Reproductive and Child Health (RCH) clinics for immunization and/or growth monitoring. After the primary caregivers had completed face to face interviews at the health care facility, children underwent oral clinical examination whereby ECC and developmental defects of enamel were recorded using field criteria. All erupted teeth were examined and the enamel defects were assessed on buccal surfaces according to the modified DDE Index.ResultsThe prevalence of enamel defects was 33.3%. Diffuse opacities were the most common defects identified (23.1%), followed by hypoplasia (7.6%) and demarcated opacities (5.0%). The most frequently affected teeth were the upper central incisors (29.0% - 30.5%), whereas lower central incisors (4.3% to 4.5%) were least frequently affected. Multiple logistic regression analysis, adjusting for confounding the factors revealed that having normal birth weight (equal or more than 2500 g) associated with lower odds of having enamel hypoplasia [OR 0.2 (95% CI 0.1-0.7)]. No statistically significant association occurred between birth weight and diffuse opacities, demarcated opacities or combined DDE.ConclusionChildren with the history of low birth weight were more likely than their normal birth weight counterparts to present with enamel hypoplasia. In view of the frequent occurrence of enamel defects and the fact that hypoplasia may constitute a risk factor for future ECC, enamel defects should be included as a dental health indicator in epidemiological studies of children in northern Tanzania.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 57%

Developmental defects of enamel in primary teeth and association with early life course events: a study of 6–36 month old children in Manyara, Tanzania

2013

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“…In addition, our results showed increased mean knowledge and performance scores over time after receiving oral health instruction, which led to a reduction in dental caries or severity of caries in the children who participated in this study. This finding has been reported previously [Kay et al, 1996;Harrison et al, 2007Harrison et al, , 2012Masumo et al, 2012;Wagner et al, 2014;Medeiros et al, 2015]. However, some have reported few changes or modest changes in parents' behaviors regarding their child's oral health and subsequently in the incidence of caries [Freudenthal and Bowen, 2010;Ismail et al, 2011].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 45%

Comparison of Oral Health Education and Fluoride Varnish to Prevent Early Childhood Caries: A Randomized Clinical Trial

Memarpour

Dadaein²,

Fakhraei³

et al. 2016

Caries Res

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Early childhood caries, a serious health problem among young children, can be prevented with effective intervention. The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of oral health education and a fluoride varnish in the prevention of caries in children under the age of 3 years. For this single-blind randomized parallel group 1-year clinical trial in Shiraz, 300 children aged 12-24 months with sound primary teeth were selected and randomly divided into three groups (n = 100): (1) control: no preventive intervention; (2) oral health counseling, and (3) oral health counseling and fluoride varnish at baseline and 6 months later. At baseline and 4, 8 and 12 months after the intervention, caries risk reduction was recorded as the primary outcome. The mothers' knowledge and performance regarding oral health in children was used as a secondary outcome. A total of 260 children (mean age: 20.49 ± 7.33 months) completed the study. Compared to group 1, caries risk reduction in group 2 was 28% (95% CI: -39.05 to -17.45) and 31% in group 3 (95% CI: -41.88 to -21.73). However, there was no significant difference between groups 2 and 3 (95% CI: -8.58 to 1.47). In all groups, mothers' knowledge and performance at baseline were low; however, they increased significantly in follow-up appointments in groups 2 and 3 (p < 0.001). Oral health education increased mothers' knowledge and performance regarding oral health in children. Oral health counseling alone or associated with the use of fluoride varnish reduced the caries incidence in young children.

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“…2,18,19 Epidemiological studies conducted in rural areas without access to fluoridated water are scarce and the prevalence of ECC reported in countries with similar sociodemographic Espinoza-Espinoza G, Muñoz-Millán P, Vergara-González C, Atala-Acevedo C & Zaror C. characteristics is diverse. Masumo et al 21 found prevalences of 3.7% and 17.6% in the rural areas of Manyara and Kampala, respectively. However, concentrations of fluoride differed, 3.0ppm in Manyara and 0.3ppm in Kampala.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Prevalence of early childhood caries in non-fluoridated rural areas of Chile.

et al. 2016

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Introduction: Early Childhood Caries (ECC) is a serious public health concern worldwide, especially in communities without water fluoridation. Objective:To determine the prevalence of ECC in 2 and 3 year old children attending rural daycare centers without access to water fluoridation. Methods: A cross-sectional study at community level was performed during 2012. The eligible population was composed of 2 and 3 year-old children from rural daycare centers located in nonfluoridated areas in regions La Araucanía, Los Ríos, and Los Lagos, Chile. Four calibrated examiners (ICC=0.83) measured the prevalence of dental caries based on criteria proposed by the WHO. Data were analyzed using chi-square test, t-test and logistic regression models. Results: The study sample consisted of 587 children; two-year-olds accounted for 53.32%, and 52.47% were female. Prevalence of ECC was 51.62% with a mean dmft index of 2.53. Region de la Araucanía had the highest ECC prevalence (52.79%). Variables that showed association were age, OHI-S and type of health insurance coverage (p<0.05). Conclusion: A high prevalence of ECC was found in areas with a non-fluoridated water supply.

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Prevalence and socio-behavioral influence of early childhood caries, ECC, and feeding habits among 6 – 36 months old children in Uganda and Tanzania

Cited by 78 publications

References 38 publications

Developmental defects of enamel in primary teeth and association with early life course events: a study of 6–36 month old children in Manyara, Tanzania

Developmental defects of enamel in primary teeth and association with early life course events: a study of 6–36 month old children in Manyara, Tanzania

Comparison of Oral Health Education and Fluoride Varnish to Prevent Early Childhood Caries: A Randomized Clinical Trial

Prevalence of early childhood caries in non-fluoridated rural areas of Chile.

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