Prevalence and species distribution of caprine trypanosomosis in Sinazongwe and Kalomo districts of Zambia

Background Trypanosomosis caused by Trypanosoma vivax is one of the diseases threatening the health and productivity of livestock in Africa and Latin America. T. vivax is mainly transmitted by tsetse flies; however, the parasite has acquired the ability to be also transmitted mechanically by hematophagous dipterans. Understanding its distribution, host range and prevalence is a key step in local and global efforts to control the disease. Methods The study was conducted according to the methodological recommendations of the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) checklist. A systematic literature search was conducted on three search engines, namely Pubmed, Scopus and CAB Direct, to identify all publications reporting natural infection of T. vivax across the world. All the three search engines were screened using the search term Trypanosome vivax without time and language restrictions. Publications on T. vivax that met our inclusion criteria were considered for systematic review and meta-analysis. Result The study provides a global database of T. vivax, consisting of 899 records from 245 peer reviewed articles in 41 countries. A total of 232,6277 tests were performed on 97 different mammalian hosts, including a wide range of wild animals. Natural infections of T. vivax were recorded in 39 different African and Latin American countries and 47 mammalian host species. All the 245 articles were included into the qualitative analysis, while information from 186 cross-sectional studies was used in the quantitative analysis mainly to estimate the pooled prevalence. Pooled prevalence estimates of T. vivax in buffalo, cattle, dog, dromedary camel, equine, pig, small ruminant and wild animals were 30.6%, 6.4%, 2.6%, 8.4%, 3.7%, 5.5%, 3.8% and 12.9%, respectively. Stratified according to the diagnostic method, the highest pooled prevalences were found with serological techniques in domesticated buffalo (57.6%) followed by equine (50.0%) and wild animals (49.3%).Conclusion The study provides a comprehensive dataset on the geographical distribution and host range of T. vivax and demonstrates the potential of this parasite to invade other countries out of Africa and Latin America.

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“…The variability can be attributed to diagnostic tests used and the species of the animal infected. [9,97,150,175,193,199,204,246] Footnote…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Global Distribution, Host Range and Prevalence of Trypanosoma Vivax: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Fetene

Regassa

Büscher

2020

Preprint

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“…Despite the low sensitivity associated with microscopy, the test remains the gold standard for both HAT and AAT diagnosis because it is affordable. However, the low sensitivity exhibited by microscopy makes it difficult to determine disease incidences, especially in cases where parasitaemia is low, thus stressing the need to improve field diagnosis of African trypanosomiasis [ 16 , 19 , 22 , 30 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Such findings indicate the importance of LAMP in epidemiological studies related to HAT rather than AAT. The simplicity and sensitivity of LAMP makes it an ideal diagnostic tool for HAT [ 16 , 23 , 30 ]. On the other hand, multispecies PCR can identify several species of trypanosomes in a single PCR reaction, thus reducing the cost of molecular diagnosis.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“… Dogs may harbour other zoonoses apart from T. b. rhodesiense with potential serious implications to human health. (Nyimba et al, 2015) [ 30 ] To determine the prevalence and species distribution of caprine trypanosomiasis Cross-sectional cluster survey of AAT in goats Overall, 422 goats from Kalomo and Sinazongwe districts of Southern province of Zambia -One goat was found infected on microscopy while 100 goats reported positive for AAT on LAMP. -Infection rate for Sinazongwe district was 22.4% while that for Kalomo district was 24.7% - Trypanosoma brucei, T. vivax and T. congolense were detected in 82.0%, 31.0% and 23.0% of the infected goats, respectively.…”

Section: Figure A1mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Insights into the Control and Management of Human and Bovine African Trypanosomiasis in Zambia between 2009 and 2019—A Review

et al. 2020

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Tsetse transmitted trypanosomiasis is a fatal disease commonly known as Nagana in cattle and sleeping sickness in humans. The disease threatens food security and has severe economic impact in Africa including most parts of Zambia. The level of effectiveness of commonly used African trypanosomiasis control methods has been reported in several studies. However, there have been no review studies on African trypanosomiasis control and management conducted in the context of One Health. This paper therefore seeks to fill this knowledge gap. A review of studies that have been conducted on African trypanosomiasis in Zambia between 2009 and 2019, with a focus on the control and management of trypanosomiasis was conducted. A total of 2238 articles were screened, with application of the search engines PubMed, PubMed Central and One Search. Out of these articles, 18 matched the required criteria and constituted the basis for the paper. An in-depth analysis of the 18 articles was conducted to identify knowledge gaps and evidence for best practices. Findings from this review provide stakeholders and health workers with a basis for prioritisation of African trypanosomiasis as an important neglected disease in Zambia and for formulation of One Health strategies for better control and/or management of the disease.

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“…Trypanosoma türlerinde (22,23,24) olduğu gibi T. annulata'da (15) da belli bir miktardan (>200 ng) daha yoğun DNA içeren örnekler LAMP üzerine inhibitör etkisi yaparak agaroz jelde zayıf bantların görülmesine neden olabilmektedir. Reaksiyonda kullanılan DNA miktarının 100 ng'a kadar düşürülmesinin LAMP yöntemi ile ürün-lerin çoğaltılmasını sağladığı belirtilmiştir (15).…”

Section: Tartışma Ve Sonuçunclassified

Theileria annulata DNA’sının loop aracılı izotermal yöntemle (LAMP) çoğaltılması

KARAGENÇ¹

2017

Ankara Üniversitesi Veteriner Fakültesi Dergisi

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Özet: Son yıllarda polimeraz zincir reaksiyonuna (PZR) alternatif olarak termal siklus kullanmadan izotermal koşullar altında hedef bölgelerin çoğaltılmasına olanak sağlayan LAMP (loop mediated isothermal amplification) gibi yeni teknikler geliştirilmiştir. LAMP, yüksek özgünlükte ve kısa zamanda çok sayıda hedef DNA kalıbının çoğaltılabildiği ve elde edilen ürünün kolay ve hızlı tespitine olanak veren bir yöntemdir. Bu çalışmada, Theileria annulata'nın merozoit yüzey antijeni (Mero1), 30 kDa major merozoit yüzey antijeni (Tams-1) ve sitokrom b genlerini çoğaltmak için özgül olarak tasarlanan primer çiftleri kullanılarak, hasta ve taşıyıcı sığırlarda T. annulata'nın tespitinde LAMP yönteminin özgüllük ve duyarlılığı değerlendirilmiştir. En yüksek duyarlılığa sahip olan primer çiftleri ile LAMP'ın sahadan toplanan örneklerde uygulanabilirliği araştırılmıştır. Sitokrom b genine özgü iki primer çiftinin (CYTOB1 ile CYTOB341) T. annulata'nın farklı izolatlarını özgül olarak çoğalttığı ve BL20 ve diğer türlere ait DNA'larda ise herhangi bir çoğalma olmadığı belirlenmiştir. CYTOB1 primerleri 2 fg'a kadar T. annulata Ankara / D7 DNA'sını tespit edebilmiş, bununla birlikte CYTOB341'in duyarlılığı CYTOB1'ye oranla 10 kat düşük bulunmuştur. Yapılan analizlerde, CYTOB1 LAMP'ının duyarlılığı F3/B3 PZR ile aynı bulunmuş, ancak CYTOB1 F3/B3 PZR'in duyarlılığının cytob1 PZR'ye oranla 10 kat daha az olduğu belirlenmiştir. Ayrıca, LAMP ürünlerinin özgüllükleri restriksiyon enzimi ile keserek ve sekans analizleri ile doğrulanmıştır. Elde edilen sonuçlar, sitokrom b geni dışında hedef gen bölgelerine (Tams-1 ve Mero1) özgü tasarlanan primer çiftlerinin hiçbirinin T. annulata'nın farklı izolatlarını özgül ve duyarlı olarak tespit etmediğini göstermiştir. Sonuç olarak, CYTOB1 LAMP yönteminin T. annulata'nın saha şartlarında tespitinde kullanılabilirliğinin cytob1 PZR'ye oranla düşük olduğu saptanmıştır.Anahtar sözcükler: DNA, LAMP, tanı, Theileria annulata. Loop mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) of Theileria annulata DNASummary: In the past three decades, as an alternative to PCR (polymerase chain reaction) new diagnostic techniques like LAMP (loop mediated isothermal amplification) whereby target DNA can be amplified under isothermal conditions without using thermocycler have been developed. The LAMP method allows the synthesis of large amounts of DNA in a short time with high specificity and rapid and easy detection of generated products. In this study, specificity and sensitivity of LAMP method was evaluated for the detection of T. annulata in acute infected and/or carriers cattle using primer pair specifically designed to amplify merozoite surface antigen gene (Mero1), 30 kDa major merozoite surface antigen gene (Tams-1) and cytochrome b gene of T.annulata. Primer pairs with highest sensitivity were used to evaluate the applicability of LAMP to the field samples. Two LAMP primers (CYTOB1 and CYTOB341) targeting cytochrome b gene specifically amplified DNA of different T. annulata isolates successfully...

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Prevalence and species distribution of caprine trypanosomosis in Sinazongwe and Kalomo districts of Zambia

Cited by 18 publications

References 14 publications

Global Distribution, Host Range and Prevalence of Trypanosoma Vivax: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Global Distribution, Host Range and Prevalence of Trypanosoma Vivax: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Insights into the Control and Management of Human and Bovine African Trypanosomiasis in Zambia between 2009 and 2019—A Review

Theileria annulata DNA’sının loop aracılı izotermal yöntemle (LAMP) çoğaltılması

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