Prevalence and survival of Toxocara canis eggs in the urban environment of Perth, Australia

Dunsmore, J.D.; Thompson, R.C.A.; Bates, I.

doi:10.1016/0304-4017(84)90048-7

Cited by 62 publications

(39 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…In a study of two sand beaches in Marseilles, France, T. canis was the most common parasite, detected regularly in 150 g of sand (Conseil Supérieur d'Hygiène Publique de France, 1990). However, in a study carried out on "dog beaches" in Perth, Australia, a total of 266 samples showed no trace of T. canis eggs or other eggs/larvae of parasitic nematodes (Dunsmore et al, 1984). It was emphasized in this study that the major risk to humans was from an environment in which puppies, not older dogs, were found.…”

Section: Parasitesmentioning

confidence: 53%

Routine screening of harmful microorganisms in beach sands: Implications to public health

Sabino

Rodrigues

Costa

et al. 2014

Science of The Total Environment

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Beaches worldwide provide recreational opportunities to hundreds of millions of people and serve as important components of coastal economies. Beach water is often monitored for microbiological quality to detect the presence of indicators of human sewage contamination so as to prevent public health outbreaks associated with water contact. However, growing evidence suggests that beach sand can harbor microbes harmful to human health, often in concentrations greater than the beach water. Currently, there are no standards for monitoring, sampling, analyzing, or managing beach sand quality. In addition to indicator microbes, growing evidence has identified pathogenic bacteria, viruses, and fungi in a variety of beach sands worldwide. The public health threat associated with these populations through direct and indirect contact is unknown because so little research has been conducted relating to health outcomes associated with sand quality. In this manuscript, we present the consensus findings of a workshop of experts convened in Lisbon, Portugal to discuss the current state of knowledge on beach sand microbiological quality and to develop suggestions for standardizing the evaluation of sand at coastal beaches. The expert group at the "Microareias 2012" workshop recommends that 1) beach sand should be screened for a variety of pathogens harmful to human health, and sand monitoring should then be initiated alongside regular water monitoring; 2) sampling and analysis protocols should be standardized to allow proper comparisons among beach locations; and 3) further studies are needed to estimate human health risk with exposure to contaminated beach sand. Much of the manuscript is focused on research specific to Portugal, but similar results have been found elsewhere, and the findings have worldwide implications.

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Section: Parasitesmentioning

confidence: 53%

Routine screening of harmful microorganisms in beach sands: Implications to public health

Sabino

Rodrigues

Costa

et al. 2014

Science of The Total Environment

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“…It has been suggested that large amount of soil should be examined to determine the frequency of Toxocara ova in ground accurately (Duwel 1984). The change in the environmental conditions over these periods of time can also be a reason for the less prevalence rate as many environmental factors determine the sustainability of Toxocara eggs in the environment (Dunsmore et al 1984). However lowest prevalent rate of Toxocara ova contamination was reported in countries like Australia, India, Spain, Canada etc.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The soil samples were processed for recovering the ova by the method of Dunsmore et al (1984) as described by Mondarino-Pereira et al (Mandarino-Pereira et al 2010) with modifications. 30 g of soil sample was taken in a 50 ml centrifuge tube and soaked overnight in tap water with three drops of Tween 80.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Detection of Toxocara eggs in contaminated soil from various public places of Chennai city and detailed correlation with literature

Thomas

Jeyathilakan

2012

J Parasit Dis

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Toxocarosis is one of the most prevalent human helminthosis caused by larvae of Toxocara canis and Toxocara cati, the most widely distributed nematode parasites of dogs and cats respectively. Soil is considered as the principal source of transmission of Toxocara infection to human beings. With increasing population of dogs and cats, soil contamination with ova or eggs of Toxocara can be detected in public and private locations of city backyards, playgrounds, streets, sand pits and so on, regardless of the season of the year. In this context the present study was carried out to estimate the extent of soil contamination with Toxocara eggs in public parks, playgrounds and few kennels situated in different parts of Chennai city. A total of 105 soil samples from 40 public places and 5 kennels were screened for the presence of parasitic eggs. Toxocara eggs were recovered from 5 soil samples indicating an overall prevalence rate of 4.75 %. Out of 80 samples collected from public places, three samples, one each from Mogappair, My lady park (Periamet) and Madras Veterinary College showed the presence of Toxocara spp. eggs indicating an overall prevalence of 3.75 per cent. Out of the 25 samples from 5 kennels, two samples one each from Tambaram and Thorappakkam kennels were positive for Toxocara eggs with prevalence of 8 per cent. Low prevalence of Toxocara eggs in soil samples of these areas can be attributed to the less population of pups, the carriers of adult worms and the active source of soil contamination. The progress made in ABC (animal birth control) programme carried out by both governmental and nongovernmental organizations has contributed to reduction of birth rate in dogs and thereby reduced the chances of soil contamination with Toxocara eggs to a certain extent in Chennai city.

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“…In studies of soil contamination, up to 46.9 % of recovered eggs remained viable, able to embryonate and thus presumably to infect (Dubná et al, 2007). Survival in an appropriate external environment for at least six months has been reported (Dunsmore et al, 1984). Infection of definitive hosts can occur by ingestion of infective eggs from contaminated soil, food or drink, by ingestion of L2 infective larvae from tissues of paratenic hosts, or by transplacental transmission.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence of Toxocara canis eggs in dog faeces from public places of Florence, Italy

et al. 2012

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SummaryTo determine whether canine faecal contamination may represent a source of environmental contamination with Toxocara canis eggs within the urban area of Florence, a total number of 754 dog faeces were collected in 7 public places and examined by routine floatation technique during one-year period. The total prevalence of intestinal nematode eggs was 8.6 %. Trichuris vulpis (4.6 %) eggs were the most prevalent followed by T. canis (3.6 %) and Ancylostomidae (1.7 %) eggs. Mixed infections included T. canis/T. vulpis (0.7 %), Ancylostomidae/T. canis (0.4 %), and Ancylostomidae/T. vulpis (0.3 %). Total prevalence of intestinal nematode eggs was significantly higher in spring than in winter (OR = 2.06). Our results indicate a low prevalence of T. canis eggs suggesting that dog faeces left on soil are unlikely to cause high environmental contamination with T. canis eggs in the town of Florence.

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Prevalence and survival of Toxocara canis eggs in the urban environment of Perth, Australia

Cited by 62 publications

References 10 publications

Routine screening of harmful microorganisms in beach sands: Implications to public health

Routine screening of harmful microorganisms in beach sands: Implications to public health

Detection of Toxocara eggs in contaminated soil from various public places of Chennai city and detailed correlation with literature

Prevalence of Toxocara canis eggs in dog faeces from public places of Florence, Italy

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