Prevalence and the duration of linear enamel hypoplasia: a comparative study of Neandertals and Inuit foragers*1

Guatelli‐Steinberg, Debbie; Larsen, Clark Spencer; Hutchinson, Dale L.

doi:10.1016/j.jhevol.2004.05.004

Cited by 127 publications

(111 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…Paleopathological indicators of such stress, particularly in the form of dental enamel hypoplasias and healed traumatic lesions, are evident in all of these samples (32)(33)(34)(35)(36)(37). Yet, there were decreases or stasis in the incidence of both forms of lesions among both Middle Paleolithic and earlier Upper Paleolithic modern humans relative to the late archaic humans (33,35,37,38).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Late Pleistocene adult mortality patterns and modern human establishment

Trinkaus

2011

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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The establishment of modern humans in the Late Pleistocene, subsequent to their emergence in eastern Africa, is likely to have involved substantial population increases, during their initial dispersal across southern Asia and their subsequent expansions throughout Africa and into more northern Eurasia. An assessment of younger (20–40 y) versus older (>40 y) adult mortality distributions for late archaic humans (principally Neandertals) and two samples of early modern humans (Middle Paleolithic and earlier Upper Paleolithic) provides little difference across the samples. All three Late Pleistocene samples have a dearth of older individuals compared with Holocene ethnographic/historical samples. They also lack older adults compared with Holocene paleodemographic profiles that have been critiqued for having too few older individuals for subsistence, social, and demographic viability. Although biased, probably through a combination of preservation, age assessment, and especially Pleistocene mobility requirements, these adult mortality distributions suggest low life expectancy and demographic instability across these Late Pleistocene human groups. They indicate only subtle and paleontologically invisible changes in human paleodemographics with the establishment of modern humans; they provide no support for a life history advantage among early modern humans.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Late Pleistocene adult mortality patterns and modern human establishment

Trinkaus

2011

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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“…Dorsal fur pale brown to dark brown, with individual hairs bicolored with pale base and darker tip; ventral fur slightly grayer than dorsal fur, with individual hairs tricolored, with a basal pale brownish band that makes up some 70% to 80% of the total length of each hair, a short dark brown (~ 10% of the total length of each hair) subterminal band, and a tiny pale brownish terminal band; dorsal stripe brilliant white and wide; conspicuous facials stripes, supraorbital facial stripes extend from the lateral margin of the noseleaf to the top of the head between the ears, malar stripes extend from the corner of the mouth to the base of the ears; folds in the pinnae are not well marked but are distinguishable; enamel surface of the upper and lower dentition with periky- [Ferretti, 2007] but absent in Canis and Felis [Skobe et al, 1985]), =Notoungulata (Gelfo et al, 2008), Perissodactyla (Hillson, 2005;von Koenigswald et al, 2011), most Primates (including fossil and recent Hominidae; Beynon and Wood, 1987;Maas and Dumont, 1999;Guatelli-Steinberg et al, 2004), Proboscidea (Ferretti, 2008), and some Rodentia (Flynn and Morgan, 2005). This is the first record of perikymata in Chiroptera to our knowledge (Lester and Hand, 1987;Lester et al, 1988).…”

Section: Morphological Analysesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Systematics and Taxonomy of Great Striped-Faced Bats of the GenusVampyrodesThomas, 1900 (Chiroptera: Phyllostomidae)

Velazco

Simmons

2011

American Museum Novitates

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The Neotropical bat genus Vampyrodes (Chiroptera: Phyllostomidae: Stenodermatinae) is widely distributed from southern Mexico to southeastern Brazil. Long thought to be monotypic, V. caraccioli Thomas, 1889, was recognized by previous authors as including two subspecies with the nominate form inhabiting South America south and east of the Andes, and another subspecies, V. c. major Allen, 1908, occurring west and north of the Andes. Reexamination of these forms using molecular and morphological methods supports recognition of these lineages as distinct at the species level. We here provide amended descriptions and diagnoses for these taxa. We also report for the first time an example of perikymata (incremental growth lines that appear on the surface of dental enamel as a series of grooves) in Chiroptera. Presence of distinct perikymata is a synapomorphy of the genus Vampyrodes.

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“…The specimens from Sima del Elefante (estimated to 1.3 MA) and Sima de los Huesos (0.3 MA) display a wide diversity of pathologies such as alveolar lytic lesions, hypercementosis and dental calculus (Martinon-Torres et al 2011), as well as periodontal disease, periapical infections, and even osteitis ). The Broken Hill maxillary dentition (0.3-0.125 MA) displays hypercementosis, multiple lesions of cariogenic origin, periodontal disease, and possible effects of hyposalivation (Koritzer and St Hoyme 1979;Puech et al 1980;Bartsiokas and Day 1993;Lacy 2014b).In mid-to-late Pleistocene hominins such as the Neanderthals, dental pathologies are comparatively well documented (Smith 1976;Trinkaus 1978;Trinkaus 1985;Frayer and Russell 1987;Lalueza et al 1993;Tillier et al 1995;Skinner 1996;Trinkaus et al 2000;Lebel and Trinkaus 2002;Guatelli-Steinberg et al 2004;Walker et al 2011;Topić et al 2012;Lozano et al 2013;Lacy 2014a). A wide range of pathological features has been reported, from developmental defects such as linear enamel hypoplasia, to antemortem tooth loss, and in-vivo effects such as interproximal grooves reflecting the habitual use of toothpicks.…”

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confidence: 99%

Comparative analysis of dentognathic pathologies in the Dmanisi mandibles

Margvelashvili

Zollikofer

Lordkipanidze

et al. 2016

American J Phys Anthropol

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Objectives: Due to the scarcity of the fossil record, in-vivo changes in the dentognathic system of early Homo are typically documented at the level of individual fossil specimens, and it remains difficult to draw population-level inferences about dietary habits, diet-related activities and lifestyle from individual patterns of dentognathic alterations. The Plio-Pleistocene hominin sample from Dmanisi (Georgia), dated to 1.77 million years ago, offers a unique opportunity to study in-vivo changes in the dentognathic system of individuals belonging to a single paleodeme of early Homo. Materials and Methods: We analyze dentognathic pathologies in the Dmanisi sample, and in comparative samples of modern Australian and Greenlander hunter-gatherer populations, applying clinical protocols of dentognathic diagnostics. Results: The Dmanisi hominins exhibit a similarly wide diversity and similar incidence of dentognathic pathologies as the modern human hunter-gatherer population samples investigated here. Dmanisi differs from the modern population samples in several respects: At young age tooth wear is already advanced, and pathologies are more prevalent. At old age, hypercementosis is substantial. Discussion: Results indicate that dentognathic pathologies and disease trajectories are largely similar in early Homo and modern humans, but that the disease load was higher in early Homo, probably as an effect of higher overall stress on the dentognathic system. Key words: aging, tooth wear, caries, periodontitisThe Plio-Pleistocene site of Dmanisi has yielded a large sample of hominin fossils associated with abundant and diverse faunal remains and Mode I stone artifacts (Gabunia et al. 2001;Ferring et al. 2011;Mgeladze et al. 2011). Occupation of the site began shortly after 1.85 Ma. The fossil hominin finds are dated to 1.77 Ma (Ferring et al. 2011). Dmanisi thus represents the earliest evidence of Homo outside of Africa. The well-preserved cranial, mandibular and postcranial remains of five individuals are unique in offering detailed insights into patterns of morphological variation within a paleodeme of early Homo, and into patterns of growth and aging Margvelashvili et al. 2013;Zollikofer et al. 2014). The craniomandibular morphology of the Dmanisi paleodeme has been described previously (Gabunia and Vekua 1995;Gabunia et al. 2000;Gabunia et al. 2001;Gabounia et al. 2002;Lordkipanidze et al. 2005;Lordkipanidze et al. 2006;Rightmire et al. 2006;Rightmire and Lordkipanidze 2010;Lordkipanidze et al. 2013;Margvelashvili et al. 2013). Cranial and mandibular morphological variation within the Dmanisi paleodeme is wide, but well within the range of variation seen in modern humans populations, and in populations of chimpanzee subspecies (Skinner et al. 2006;Lordkipanidze et al. 2013;Margvelashvili et al. 2013;Zollikofer et al. 2014). Variation in size, shape and dentognathic features among the Dmanisi mandibles has received special attention and has been studied to address questions of phylogeny, taxonomy, sexual dimorphism, die...

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Prevalence and the duration of linear enamel hypoplasia: a comparative study of Neandertals and Inuit foragers*1

Cited by 127 publications

References 33 publications

Late Pleistocene adult mortality patterns and modern human establishment

Late Pleistocene adult mortality patterns and modern human establishment

Systematics and Taxonomy of Great Striped-Faced Bats of the GenusVampyrodesThomas, 1900 (Chiroptera: Phyllostomidae)

Comparative analysis of dentognathic pathologies in the Dmanisi mandibles

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