Prevalence and trend of allergen sensitization in patients with a diagnosis of stasis dermatitis referred for patch testing, North American contact dermatitis group data, 2001–2016

Silverberg, Jonathan I.; Hou, Alexander; Warshaw, Erin M.; Maibach, Howard I.; Belsito, D.; DeKoven, Joel G.; Zug, Kathryn A.; Taylor, James S.; Sasseville, Denis; Fransway, Anthony F.; DeLeo, Vincent A.; Pratt, Melanie D.; Reeder, Margo J.; Atwater, Amber Reck; Fowler, Joseph F.; Zirwas, Matthew J.; Marks, James G.

doi:10.1007/s00403-021-02295-y

Cited by 12 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…Several studies have revealed higher incidence rates of contact hypersensitivity reactions in patients with psoriasis, while others have shown an inverse relationship between the two skin conditions, and that both conditions have the same prevalence in healthy subjects [ 2 , 22 , 25 , 31 , 32 , 33 ].…”

Section: Skin Patch Testing For Contact Cell-mediated Hypersensitivit...mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Claßen et al recently investigated a group of 2294 patients with psoriasis and found 25% of subjects with at least one positive skin patch test versus the control group, which presented 39% positive subjects. Regarding the proportion of positive patients, the authors considered that almost 60% of psoriasis-positive individuals were tested, excluding sensitization, because the physicians did not expect contact hypersensitivity [ 32 ].…”

Section: Skin Patch Testing For Contact Cell-mediated Hypersensitivit...mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Likewise, García-Souto et al found the most frequent sensitizing hapten in a psoriasis group to be the metal hapten nickel sulfate (34.6%), followed by the biocide mix methylchloroisothiazolinone/methylisothiazolinone (6.2%), and the organomercurial preservative thimerosal, also known as thiomersal (5.4%), comparable to the frequency of contact allergens within an atopic dermatitis group [ 2 ]. Other publications have reported the precious metal salt sodium gold thiosulfate, Peru balsam resin, and the antibiotics neomycin and bacitracin to be common sensitizing allergens [ 3 , 32 , 33 ]. In palmoplantar psoriasis, Žužul et al reported the transition metal salts potassium dichromate and cobalt chloride; thiomersal preservative; the rubber additive carba mix, classically containing diphenylguanidine, zinc diethyl- and dibutyl-dithiocarbamate; and the topical ester local anesthetic benzocaine to be frequent sensitizers [ 3 ].…”

Section: Skin Patch Testing For Contact Cell-mediated Hypersensitivit...mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Allergic Contact Cell-Mediated Hypersensitivity in Psoriasis: A Narrative Minireview

et al. 2022

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The dysfunctionality of the protective skin barrier in psoriasis allows easier cutaneous penetration of various contact haptens; thus, such patients can develop allergic contact hypersensitivity as a comorbidity. Both skin conditions involve T-cell-mediated mechanisms. Dermatologists and allergists should consider assessing allergic contact cell-mediated hypersensitivity in selected psoriasis patients, especially those with palmoplantar psoriasis and who are refractory to topical treatments, and in patients with psoriasis, with or without arthritis, treated with biologics that present skin lesions clinically suggestive of contact dermatitis.

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Section: Skin Patch Testing For Contact Cell-mediated Hypersensitivit...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Skin Patch Testing For Contact Cell-mediated Hypersensitivit...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Skin Patch Testing For Contact Cell-mediated Hypersensitivit...mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Allergic Contact Cell-Mediated Hypersensitivity in Psoriasis: A Narrative Minireview

et al. 2022

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“…3 Moreover, FA is a commonly identified contact allergen in adults and children with atopic dermatitis, 39 and in subjects with hand dermatitis, 40 nummular (discoid) dermatitis, 41 and stasis dermatitis. 42 (Occupational) hand dermatitis and sensitization to FA might signify a worse prognosis. 3 With regard to contact allergy and ACD from FA/FRs in cosmetics, mainly middle-aged women are affected, who present primarily with facial and/or hand dermatitis, elicited by leave-on and/or rinse-off cosmetics containing these preservatives.…”

Section: Prevalence Of Sensitizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In addition to localized forms also widespread (nummular, patchy) dermatitis, airborne dermatitis, and even erythroderma, due to FA and FRs contact allergy, have been published (Table 2). 3 Moreover, FA is a commonly identified contact allergen in adults and children with atopic dermatitis, 39 and in subjects with hand dermatitis, 40 nummular (discoid) dermatitis, 41 and stasis dermatitis 42 . (Occupational) hand dermatitis and sensitization to FA might signify a worse prognosis 3 .…”

Section: Clinical Picturementioning

confidence: 99%

Contact allergy to and allergic contact dermatitis from formaldehyde and formaldehyde releasers: A clinical review and update

Goossens

Aerts

2022

Contact Dermatitis

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This review aims to provide a clinically useful update regarding the role of formaldehyde (FA) and its five main releasers (FRs) quaternium‐15, diazolidinyl urea, DMDM hydantoin, imidazolidinyl urea, and 2‐bromo‐2‐nitropropane‐1,3‐diol (bronopol) in contact allergy and allergic contact dermatitis. These ubiquitous preservatives are still often present, and sometimes undeclared, in cosmetics, pharmaceuticals, medical devices, household detergents, and chemical (industrial) products. In Europe, the use of free FA and quaternium‐15 in cosmetics is forbidden and contact allergy rates have been found to be stable to decreasing. However, FA/FRs still readily provoke localized (eg, facial/hand), airborne, and generalized dermatitis, and may also complicate atopic and stasis dermatitis, or result in nummular dermatitis. Seborrheic‐, rosacea‐ and impetigo‐like dermatitis have recently been reported. For a correct diagnosis, FA 2% aq. (0.60 mg/cm2) should be used, and particularly the FRs bronopol 0.5% pet. and diazolidinyl urea 2% pet. should be patch tested separately in a baseline series. If sensitization to FA occurs, both FA and FRs should preferably be avoided, except perhaps for bronopol in case it tests negatively. If a patient reacts to one or more FRs (such as bronopol or diazolidinyl/imidazolidinyl urea), but not to FA, then the specific FR(s) should be avoided.

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Narrative Review of the Pathogenesis of Stasis Dermatitis: An Inflammatory Skin Manifestation of Venous Hypertension

Silverberg

Jackson

Kirsner

et al. 2023

Dermatol Ther (Heidelb)

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Introduction Stasis dermatitis (SD), also known as venous dermatitis, is a form of inflammatory dermatitis of the lower extremities that typically occurs in older individuals and represents a cutaneous manifestation of venous hypertension. Venous hypertension (also known as sustained ambulatory venous pressure) is most often due to retrograde blood flow, which occurs due to calf muscle pump failure. This failure is most commonly secondary to incompetent venous valves, valve destruction, or obstruction of the venous system. Many of the common symptoms associated with SD are caused by inflammatory processes. Methods This review summarizes the pathogenesis and key role of inflammation in SD by reviewing inflammatory biomarkers associated with SD. The literature was selected though a high-level PubMed search focusing on keywords relating to inflammation associated with SD. Results Venous reflux at the lower extremities causes venous hypertension, which leads to chronic venous insufficiency. High venous pressure due to venous hypertension promotes the local accumulation and extravasation of inflammatory cells across the vascular endothelium. Leukocyte trapping in the microcirculation and perivascular space is associated with trophic skin changes. Cell adhesion molecules are linked with the perpetuated influx of activated leukocytes into inflammatory sites. Here, inflammatory cells may influence the remodeling of the extracellular matrix by inducing the secretion of proteinases such as matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs). The increased expression of MMPs is associated with the formation of venous leg ulcers and lesions. Phosphodiesterase 4 activity has also been shown to be elevated in individuals with inflammatory dermatoses compared to healthy individuals. Discussion Because inflammation is a key driver of the signs and symptoms of SD, several of the highlighted biomarkers of inflammation represent potential opportunities to target and interrupt molecular pathways of cutaneous inflammation and, therefore, remediate the signs and symptoms of SD. Conclusion Understanding the pathogenesis of SD may help clinicians identify drivers of inflammation to use as potential targets for the development of new treatment options.

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Prevalence and trend of allergen sensitization in patients with a diagnosis of stasis dermatitis referred for patch testing, North American contact dermatitis group data, 2001–2016

Cited by 12 publications

References 24 publications

Allergic Contact Cell-Mediated Hypersensitivity in Psoriasis: A Narrative Minireview

Allergic Contact Cell-Mediated Hypersensitivity in Psoriasis: A Narrative Minireview

Contact allergy to and allergic contact dermatitis from formaldehyde and formaldehyde releasers: A clinical review and update

Narrative Review of the Pathogenesis of Stasis Dermatitis: An Inflammatory Skin Manifestation of Venous Hypertension

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