Prevalence and Updated Management of Paralytic Ileus: A Simple Review

Abstract

The study aims to summarize the updated evidence regards, epidemiology, causes, clinical manifestations, and management of paralytic ileus. Lower abdominal surgical procedure, particularly big open cuts and increased bowel operations, is linked with an increased hazard of bowel obstruction. Though, numerous risk issues have been revealed to upsurge the probability and resistance of intestinal obstruction, such as prolonged abdominal / pelvic surgery, lower gastrointestinal (GI) surgery, open surgery, retroperitoneal spine surgery, opioid use, cancer peritoneal, intra-abdominal inflammation (sepsis / peritonitis), delayed enteral nutrition or nasogastric (NG) tube placement, and hypokalemia. Signs of intestinal obstruction are tachycardia caused by any interruption of movement, absence of abdominal pain, abdominal distention and tenderness, shortness of breath, and hypovolemia. Bowel sounds disappear and flatulence is not discharged, leading to gastric stasis, which can cause hiccups, discomfort, and easy vomiting. Preventive measures include avoiding unnecessary exposure and over-processing of the intestine or traction of the mesentery. Treatment is conservative, as this condition is mostly self-limited. Pharmacologic Therapy have little place, but there are some exceptions of adequate values.

Paralytic Ileus as a Presentation of Antiphospholipid Syndrome in a Patient with Renal Angiomyolipoma: A Case Report

“…Clinical examination of paralytic ileus can reveal flatulence (distention), reduced bowel sounds, and tympanic percussion of the entire abdomen, which is the main classic clinical symptom of paralytic ileus. To make a diagnosis and determine the etiology of paralytic ileus, several diagnostic evaluation procedures need to be performed, such as laboratory evaluation to identify other complications, and abdominal X-ray and CT imaging to identify the condition [11]. In this case, the patient complained of nausea, and bloated abdomen, and he was unable to defecate and was not producing flatus.…”

Acupuncture for gastrointestinal diseases

“…In a larger sample size survey, about 44% participants were reported to have been suffered from gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) symptoms (Delshad et al, 2020). Moreover, around 10% of the patients, who underwent abdominal surgical procedures, have been shown to develop ileus that lasted longer than 3 days (Alahmari et al, 2021). More than one‐third of patients with GI symptoms tend to consult general practitioners.…”