Prevalence and variance of the sternalis muscle: a study in the Chinese population using multi-detector CT

Ge, Zufeng; Tong, Yunlong; Zhu, Shiqiang; Fang, Xiong; Zhuo, Lang; Gong, Xiangyang

doi:10.1007/s00276-013-1175-4

Cited by 20 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…The unilateral sternalis muscle has been reported to be found in 4.5% of subjects whereas bilateral presence is reported in less than 1.7% [2], while being reported 8.7% in females and 6.4% in males [4]. The highest incidence rate which is about 3 times more than these rates was reported in Chinese population [5]. This variant was seen unilaterally and in the right breast in our case.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 47%

“…Even, it may be mistaken as a tumor on the mammogram by radiologists, may appear as a mass requiring surgical resection or it may be mistaken as a recurrence of malignancy by surgeons [4]. In multidetector computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging it can be differentiated from a mass [5]. The function of this muscle is insignificant but it can be helpful in breast reconstruction surgeries after mastectomy and can be used as a flap [3,6].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Importance of Sternalis Muscle in Breast Surgery

2014

Anat Physiol

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The sternalis muscle is a well-known anatomic variant of the anterior chest wall from anatomists. Nevertheless, surgeons and radiologists are not familiar with this entity. It is the most frequently reported incidental finding during routine anatomic dissection and most common seen during mastectomy. In this case, during a right modified radical mastectomy operation on a 72-year-old female patient, a sternalis muscle was detected on the pectoralis major muscle in the superficial fascia. It was in craniocaudal position and was paralel to the body of sternum, so we protected the muscle. In some cases the sternal muscle is determined intraoperatively and the clinicians have to be familiar with this entity.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 47%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Importance of Sternalis Muscle in Breast Surgery

2014

Anat Physiol

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“…It could be classified into type IIc with the proportion of 3.0% based on Ge et al's criteria [9], and further classified into a double with single cross and a bicipital diverging with double cross based on Snosek et al's criteria [4]. But previous classifications [3,4,9] did not cover all the morphological findings of the sternalis muscle, including this case, because there have been numerous reports on the sternalis muscle variants.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

A Bilateral Double Sternalis Muscle in a Korean Cadaver

Lee

Kim

2017

Korean J Phys Anthropol

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: Although the sternalis muscle has been well known to anatomists, it is quite unfamiliar to clinicians. During routine educational dissection, we came across a well-defined bilateral double sternalis muscle innervated by the intercostal nerve, respectively. The right sternalis muscle 1) became tendinous to insert into the sternum and 2) crossed midline and then intermingled with the left pectoralis major muscle, which could be classified into a double with single cross based on Snosek et al.'s criteria. The left sternalis muscle was composed of two bellies, which were combined at the midway, and became tendinous to insert into the contralateral manubrium, which could be classified into a bicipital diverging with double cross based on Snosek et al.'s criteria. The detailed knowledge on the sternalisis is important for clinicians as well as for anatomists, since the clinical importance of the sternalis muscle has been highlighted in recent years.

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“…Por meio de tomografias computadorizadas, os autores avaliaram a presença do músculo esternal em 6.000 chineses, e verificaram que ele estava presente em 347 (5,8%) dos indivíduos pesquisados, sendo bilateral em 118 (34,0%), unilateral direito em 148 (42,7%) e unilateral esquerdo em 81 (23,3%). Também foi possível avaliar a morfologia, a origem e a inserção desse músculo 29 .…”

Section: Importância Clínica Do Músculo Esternalunclassified

Importância clínica do músculo esternal e suas variações anatômicas: uma revisão sistemática da literatura

2017

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A presença do músculo esternal é uma variação anatômica que está situada anteriormente ao osso esterno e suas estruturas adjacentes e não tem função totalmente definida. Há na literatura mais relatos de estudos anatômicos sobre o músculo esternal do que sobre as implicações clínicas da sua presença. O objetivo deste estudo foi analisar as descrições existentes das variações anatômicas do músculo esternal, compreendendo, assim, a importância clínica desse conhecimento. Foram avaliados artigos nas línguas portuguesa e inglesa, indexados nas bases de dados PubMed e SciELO, publicados entre 1867 e 2016. Buscou-se verificar os tipos de variações anatômicas do músculo esternal descritas, suas origens e inserções, inervação e irrigação sanguínea. Em seguida, foi relatada a importância clínica do conhecimento dessa variação. O músculo esternal apresenta diversas dimensões e inserções, o que dificulta a determinação de sua função. Devido à localização paraesternal, em exames de imagem o referido músculo pode ser visto como uma nodulação anormal na região da mama e ser confundido com um tumor. O reconhecimento dessa variação antes de procedimentos cirúrgicos na parede torácica evita possíveis complicações e possibilita o uso do tecido como retalho muscular em cirurgias reconstrutivas da mama; também pode ser usado na melhora de resultados estéticos em mamoplastia de aumento ou fornecer cobertura extra para próteses. O conhecimento sobre essa variação anatômica é bastante relevante, pois a percepção da existência do músculo esternal e de suas variações relaciona-se a importantes implicações clínicas em cirurgias de mama e tórax.Palavras-chave: esterno; variação anatômica; cirurgia torácica. ABSTRACTThe presence of sternal muscle is an anatomical variation, located above the sternum and adjacent structures, and its function is not fully defined. In the literature, there are more reports of anatomical studies of the sternal muscle than clinical implications of its presence. The objective of this study was to analyze descriptions about anatomical variations of the sternal muscle and understand the clinical importance of this knowledge. Articles in Portuguese and English, indexed in the databases PubMed and SciELO, from 1867 to 2016, were evaluated. The types of anatomical variants of sternal muscle, its origins and insertions, innervation and blood supply were observed. After that, was brought the clinical importance of knowledge of this variation. The sternal muscle has several dimensions and inserts, making difficult to determine its function. Due to its parasternal location in imaging studies it may be seen as an abnormal bulge in the breast region and confused with a tumor. The discovery of this variation before thoracic surgical procedures avoids possible complications, enabling its use as a muscle flap in reconstructive surgery after mastectomy or improving the aesthetic result of breast augmentation providing extra covering for the prosthesis. The knowledge about this anatomical variation is quite relevant, because the...

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Prevalence and variance of the sternalis muscle: a study in the Chinese population using multi-detector CT

Abstract: The sternalis muscle was highly prevalent in normal Chinese adults. MDCT is an effective method to demonstrate this muscle in vivo.

Cited by 20 publications

References 15 publications

The Importance of Sternalis Muscle in Breast Surgery

The Importance of Sternalis Muscle in Breast Surgery

A Bilateral Double Sternalis Muscle in a Korean Cadaver

Importância clínica do músculo esternal e suas variações anatômicas: uma revisão sistemática da literatura

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