Prevalence, Antibiogram, and cdt Genes of Toxigenic Campylobacter jejuni in Salad Style Vegetables (Ulam) at Farms and Retail Outlets in Terengganu

Khalid, Mohd; Tang, John Yew Huat; Baharuddin, Nabila Huda; Rahman, Nasiha Shakina; Rahimi, Nurul Faizzah; Radu, Son

doi:10.4315/0362-028x.jfp-14-109

Cited by 21 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 44 publications

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“…Lettuce and spinach are described in the international literature as the main vegetable sources of human infection by Campylobacter spp. [ 1 , 16 , 25 , 26 ]. An increased interest in the campylobacteriosis risk assessment of raw vegetables is driven by several outbreaks of infections caused by consumption of fresh produce, such as leafy vegetables and salads [ 14 ], lettuce [ 15 ], and sprout and cabbage [ 16 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[ 1 , 16 , 25 , 26 ]. An increased interest in the campylobacteriosis risk assessment of raw vegetables is driven by several outbreaks of infections caused by consumption of fresh produce, such as leafy vegetables and salads [ 14 ], lettuce [ 15 ], and sprout and cabbage [ 16 ]. Studies have revealed that travelling to Asia, Africa, Latin America, the Caribbean, and Southern Europe significantly increased the risk of acquiring campylobacteriosis as compared to travelling within Western Europe [ 17 – 19 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The prevalence of Campylobacter spp. in vegetables, fruits, and fresh produce: a systematic review and meta-analysis

et al. 2018

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There are a number of reports indicating correlation between outbreaks of campylobacteriosis and the consumption of raw vegetables. This study is a meta-analysis on the prevalence of Campylobacter in fresh vegetables and fruits without any location limitation, which was performed through a documented review of the available resources. Relevant literature was reviewed by trained reviewers, who examined the results for the inclusion of articles in the meta-analysis. The prevalence of Campylobacter in raw vegetables, the sample source, the Campylobacter species, and the method of detection were extracted. The prevalence of Campylobacter in vegetables, fruits, and fresh produce were estimated to be 0.53%. Analysis of the various sample groups initially showed that the bean and sprouts group was the vegetable with the highest prevalence of Campylobacter (11.08%). The rate of contamination was higher when both the molecular and conventional methods were employed. The highest prevalence of Campylobacter was found in Asia (33.4%). Despite the low prevalence, consumption of raw vegetables is inherently risky because no treatment is used to inactivate the pathogens. Therefore, proper sanitation methods are recommended to treat the raw products.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The prevalence of Campylobacter spp. in vegetables, fruits, and fresh produce: a systematic review and meta-analysis

et al. 2018

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“…Food resources of plant origin can also be contaminated with Campylobacter species, also contamination of edible mushroom species with Campylobacter has been reported in Iran [20]. In other countries, there are also reports of Campylobacter contamination in fruits and vegetables [21][22]. In other studies, prevalence of Campylobacter in fresh vegetables and fruits products with a 95% confidence level [22].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Identification through Culture and Molecular Methods of Campylobacter jejuni, Campylobacter coli and Campylobacter fetus in Surface Waters in Rasht

Roshanjo¹,

Jafari²,

Asadpour³

et al. 2019

MRJI

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Backgrounds:As zoonotic infectious agents, Campylobacter spp. are important factors causing gastroenteritis in humans. Surveys show that the three strains; Campylobacter jejuni, Campylobacter coli and Campylobacter fetus play a major role in human infections. Identification of these infectious agents is valuable for sanitary control of disease transmission through water resources. Objectives: The aim of this study was identification and molecular diagnosis of Campylobacter jejuni, Campylobacter coli and Campylobacter fetus in surface waters in Rasht. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on 45 samples of surface water in Rasht collected according to water health guidelines. After culture and biochemical tests on collected samples, detection and identification of Campylobacter jejuni, Campylobacter coli and Campylobacter fetus was done using sequence-specific amplification by Multiplex PCR. The results were subjected to statistical analysis using SPSS software. Results: Out of 45 samples tested, 6 were positive in culture, four of which were identified as Campylobacter jejuni after biochemical tests. Using Multiplex PCR, 8 samples were positive, from which 3 were Campylobacter jejuni, 1 Campylobacter coli and 4 were positive for both Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli. All the samples did not yield C. fetus. Conclusions: Multiplex PCR is regarded a diagnostic method with higher sensitivity and specificity than compared to methods for Campylobacter. The prevalence of Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli in surface waters in Rasht is considerable. Therefore, public health measures for the control of these organisms are recommended.

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“…Several outbreaks of campylobacteriosis caused by consumption of leafy vegetables and salads [9], lettuce [10], sprouts and cabbage [11] have raised interest in the campylobacteriosis risk assessment of raw vegetables. Recently published systemic review and meta-analysis of the prevalence of Campylobacter in vegetables, fruits, and fresh produce estimated the prevalence to be 0.53%.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microbiological Quality Assessment of Ready-to-eat Vegetables in Dubrovnik-Neretva County, Croatia

Ljevaković-Musladin¹,

Lakić²,

Kozačinski³

2019

ujar

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The aim of this study was to assess the microbiological quality of ready-to-eat vegetables offered by local food business operators in Dubrovnik-Neretva County in the period of 2011-2018. Vegetables have been randomly selected and sampled in hotels, restaurants and retail. Analysis has been assessed according to Regulation (EC) No 2073/2005 on microbiological criteria for foodstuffs and Croatian National Guidelines on microbiological criteria for foodstuffs [1,2]. A total of 243 samples were analysed for Enterobacteriaceae, E. coli, Coagulase-positive staphylococci, sulphite-reducing Clostridia, yeasts/molds, Listeria monocytogenes and the presence of Salmonella spp., using respective ISO methods. The results showed that 136 (56%) samples were unsatisfactory, mostly because of the high levels of yeasts/molds and Enterobacteriaceae. Unsatisfactory levels of yeasts/molds was found in 105 (43.2%) samples, Enterobacteriaceae in 96 (39.5%) samples, Coagulase-positive staphylococci in 12 (4.9%) samples and E. coli in 4 (1.6%) samples. Among these 136 samples concentration rang of Enterobacteriaceae, Escherichia coli, Coagulase-positive staphylococci and yeasts/molds were 3.20-6.48, 3.60-5.81, 3.26-4.65 and 3.08-5.48 log CFU/g, respectively. Sulphite-reducing Clostridia, Listeria monocytogenes and Salmonella spp. were not detected in any of the samples. The most contaminated vegetables were arugula and lettuce, followed by cabbage and salad mix. All unsatisfactory samples were either sliced or grated. In 2017, 11 samples of packaged ready-to-eat leafy green vegetables were also analyzed. 7 out of 11 samples (63.6%) were unsatisfactory due to contamination with Enterobacteriaceae (4-5 log CFU/g), although the products were labelled as ready-to-eat with no need for washing. Although pathogens weren't isolated, our study showed poor microbiological quality of vegetables and brings certain concern regarding the safety of these products. Proper washing and adequate hygiene during preparation are a "must have" prerequisite for food safety. More studies are needed regarding microbiological quality of packaged ready-to-eat vegetables, since their mislabelling is giving a customer incorrect information.

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Prevalence, Antibiogram, and cdt Genes of Toxigenic Campylobacter jejuni in Salad Style Vegetables (Ulam) at Farms and Retail Outlets in Terengganu

Cited by 21 publications

References 44 publications

The prevalence of Campylobacter spp. in vegetables, fruits, and fresh produce: a systematic review and meta-analysis

The prevalence of Campylobacter spp. in vegetables, fruits, and fresh produce: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Identification through Culture and Molecular Methods of Campylobacter jejuni, Campylobacter coli and Campylobacter fetus in Surface Waters in Rasht

Microbiological Quality Assessment of Ready-to-eat Vegetables in Dubrovnik-Neretva County, Croatia

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