Prevalence, antibiotic profile, virulence determinants, ESBLs, and non-β-lactam encoding genes of MDR Proteus spp. isolated from infected dogs

Abstract

This study investigated the prevalence, antibiogram, virulence, extended-spectrum β-lactamases (ESBLs), and non-β-lactam encoding genes of Proteus species isolated from infected dogs in Ismailia province, Egypt. The study was conducted on 70 fecal swabs collected from dogs with diarrhea for bacteriological identification of Proteus spp. The positive isolates were evaluated for antibiotic susceptibility, molecular tests of virulence, ESBLs, and non-β-lactam encoding genes. Prevalence of Proteus spp. was 35.7% (25/70), including Proteus mirabilis (n = 23) and Proteus vulgaris (n = 2). The Proteus spp. prevalence revealed diversity, higher in males than females, in ages < 12 weeks. Investigation of antimicrobial resistance was found against penicillin and amoxicillin (100%), amoxicillin–clavulanic acid (32%), cephalosporins: cefotaxime and ceftazidime (36%), and monobactam: aztreonam (28%) as ESBLs, in addition to tetracycline (32%) and trimethoprim sulfamethoxazole (100%). The strains retrieved by PCR revealed ureC, zapA, and rsbA virulence genes with variant prevalence as 92%, 60%, and 52%, respectively. In addition, the recovered strains contained ESBL genes with a dramatic variable prevalence of 100%, 92%, 36%, and 32%, to blaTEM, blaSHV, blaCTX-M, and blaOXA-1, respectively, and non β-lactam encoding genes with a prevalence of 100%, 48%, 44%, 20%, and 12%, to sul1, tetA, intI1, qnrA, and aadA1. Moreover, 28% (7/25) of recovering strains were MDR (multidrug-resistant) up to four classes of antimicrobials, and 48% (12/25) of the examined strains were MDR up to three antimicrobial classes. In conclusion, to the best of our knowledge, our study could be the first report recording MDR Proteus spp. in dogs in Egypt.

Phage P2-71 against multi-drug resistant Proteus mirabilis: isolation, characterization, and non-antibiotic antimicrobial potential

“…The escalating emergence of MDR strains of P. mirabilis underscores the pressing need to discover new and effective approaches for combating microbial infections ( Algammal et al., 2021 ; Kang et al., 2021 ; Li et al., 2022 ). The emergence of MDR P. mirabilis strains in dogs presents a significant public health concern, particularly due to the close relationship between dogs and humans ( Decôme et al., 2020 ; El-Tarabili et al., 2022 ).…”

Combined Anti-Bacterial Actions of Lincomycin and Freshly Prepared Silver Nanoparticles: Overcoming the Resistance to Antibiotics and Enhancement of the Bioactivity

“…Many previous reports have confirmed that certain microbial species produced extended-spectrum β-lactamases (ESBLs), the hydrolytic enzymes, that confer the microorganisms’ resistance towards the lactam-based antibiotics by their degrading act on the β-lactam ring of the antibiotics class, i.e., penicillins, cephalosporins, cephamycins, monobactams, carbapenems, and carbacephems. Some of the other approaches in structural modifications by the microorganisms also include acyl-transfer, phosphorylation, glycosylation, nucleotidylation, ribosylation, as well as thiol transfers [ 3 , 4 , 5 ].…”