Prevalence, Antibiotic Susceptibility Profile, and Associated Risk Factors of Salmonella Isolate among Diarrheal Patients Visiting Dessie Referral Hospital, Northeast Ethiopia

Teferi, Samuel Chane

doi:10.1155/2020/8834107

Cited by 5 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 30 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…In our study, Salmonella emerged as the only bacterium with significant independently associated factors, as evidenced by multiple logistic regression, both in terms of symptomatology and the cohabitation with dogs and/or cats, which is consistent with previous findings [ 50 ]. Salmonella spp.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

“…In terms of factors associated with an enteric infection, our findings revealed that patients presenting with 2–3 symptoms of enteric infection were more likely to have a higher prevalence of bacterial infections, which is consistent with a previous study from Ethiopia [ 50 ]. Enteric pathogens commonly cause symptoms in addition to diarrhea, such as vomiting, fever, and abdominal pain [ 15 , 51 ].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Microbiological assessment reveals that Salmonella, Shigella and Campylobacter infections are widespread in HIV infected and uninfected patients with diarrhea in Mozambique

Hlashwayo

Noormahomed

Bahule

et al. 2023

PLOS Glob Public Health

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Diarrhea is an important cause of hospitalizations in Mozambique. However, little attention has been paid to the impact HIV infection on the prevalence or clinical manifestations of enteric bacterial infections. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of Salmonella spp., Shigella spp. and Campylobacter spp. in HIV-infected and HIV-uninfected patients with diarrhea, identify risk factors for infection, and explore the association between HIV status, viral load, and bacterial prevalence. We conducted a case-control study at the Centro de Saúde de Mavalane and Centro de Saúde 1° de Maio in Maputo, Mozambique, from November 2021 to May 2022. We recruited 300 patients, including 150 HIV-infected (cases) and 150 HIV-uninfected patients (controls), aged between 0–88 years, presenting with diarrhea. Stool samples were collected for bacterial isolation through culture, and for each HIV-infected patient, 4 ml of venous blood were obtained for viral load detection through PCR. A total of 129 patients (43.0%) had at least one bacterial infection. The prevalence of Salmonella spp., Shigella spp. and Campylobacter spp. was 33.0% (n = 99), 15.0% (n = 45) and 4.3% (n = 13), respectively. The prevalence of any bacterial infection did not differ significantly between HIV-infected (45.3%, n = 68) and HIV-uninfected patients (40.7%, = 61) (p = 0.414). Overall, having 2–3 symptoms of enteric disease (p = 0.008) and a basic education (p = 0.030) were factors associated with bacterial infection. Of the 148 patients for whom HIV-1 RNA levels were available, 115 had copy numbers ≤ 75. Another 13 had levels between 76 and 1,000 and the remaining 20 had an average of 327,218.45 copies/ml. Bivariate logistic regression found that Shigella spp. were associated with HIV (p = 0.038), although no association was found in the multivariate analysis. Enteric infections are common in both HIV-infected and -uninfected patients. Low schooling influences the occurrence of enteric infections, which highlights the need to raise awareness about their prevention.

show abstract

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Microbiological assessment reveals that Salmonella, Shigella and Campylobacter infections are widespread in HIV infected and uninfected patients with diarrhea in Mozambique

Hlashwayo

Noormahomed

Bahule

et al. 2023

PLOS Glob Public Health

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

Evaluation of three protocols for direct susceptibility testing for gram negative-Enterobacteriaceae from patient samples in Uganda with SMS reporting

Aruhomukama,

Magiidu,

Katende

et al. 2024

Sci Rep

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

In Uganda, the challenge of generating and timely reporting essential antimicrobial resistance (AMR) data has led to overreliance on empirical antibiotic therapy, exacerbating the AMR crisis. To address this issue, this study aimed to adapt a one-step AMR testing protocol alongside an SMS (Short Message Service) result relay system (SRRS), with the potential to reduce the turnaround time for AMR testing and result communication from 4 days or more to 1 day in Ugandan clinical microbiology laboratories. Out of the 377 samples examined, 54 isolates were obtained. Notably, E. coli (61%) and K. pneumoniae (33%) were the most frequently identified, majority testing positive for ESBL. Evaluation of three AMR testing protocols revealed varying sensitivity and specificity, with Protocol A (ChromID ESBL-based) demonstrating high sensitivity (100%) but no calculable specificity, Protocol B (ceftazidime-based) showing high sensitivity (100%) and relatively low specificity (7.1%), and Protocol C (cefotaxime-based) exhibiting high sensitivity (97.8%) but no calculable specificity. ESBL positivity strongly correlated with resistance to specific antibiotics, including cefotaxime, ampicillin, and aztreonam (100%), cefuroxime (96%), ceftriaxone (93%), and trimethoprim sulfamethoxazole (87%). The potential of integrating an SRRS underscored the crucial role this could have in enabling efficient healthcare communication in AMR management. This study underscores the substantial potential of the tested protocols for accurately detecting ESBL production in clinical samples, potentially, providing a critical foundation for predicting and reporting AMR patterns. Although considerations related to specificity warrant careful assessment before widespread clinical adoption.

show abstract

Prevalence, associated factors and antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of Salmonella and Shigella species among diarrheic under five children in Sultan Sheik Hassan Yabere referral Hospital, Jigjiga, Eastern Ethiopia

Muse,

Urgessa,

Shume

et al. 2024

BMC Pediatr

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Background Diarrhea caused by Salmonella and Shigella species are the leading cause of illness especially in developing countries. These infections are considered as the main public health problems in children, including Ethiopia. This study aimed to assess the prevalence, associated factors, and antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of Salmonella and Shigella species in Sheik Hassan Yabere Referral Hospital Jigjiga, Eastern Ethiopia from August 05 to November 15, 2022. Method A cross-sectional study was conducted among 239 under-five children with diarrhea selected through a convenient sampling technique. A structured questionnaire was used to collect associated factors. A stool sample was collected and processed for the identification of Salmonella and Shigella species using MacConkey adar, Xylose Lysine Deoxycholate agar (Oxoid Ltd) and Biochemical tests. The antimicrobial susceptibility pattern of isolates was performed using the Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion technique. The data was entered into Epi-data version 4.6 and exported to the statistical package of social science version 22 for analysis. The association between outcome and independent variables was assessed using bivariate, multivariable, and chi-square and P-value < 0.05 was considered as statistical significance. Result Overall prevalence of Salmonella and Shigella species was 6.3% (95% CI, 5.7–6.9%), of which 3.8% (95 CI, 3.2–4.4%) were Salmonella species and 2.5% (95% CI, 1.95-3%) were Shigella species. Unimproved water source (AOR = 5.08, 95% CI = 1.45, 17.25), open field (AOR = 2.3, 95% CI = 1.3, 5.03), rural residence (AOR = 1.8, 95% CI = 1.4, 7.5), Hand-washing practice (p = 0.001), and raw meat consumption (p = 0.002) were associated with occurrence of Salmonella and Shigella species. Salmonella and Shigella isolates were resistant to Ampicilin (100%). However, Salmonella isolates was sensitive to Norfloxacin (100%). About 22.2% and 16.7% of Salmonella and Shigella isolates were multi-drug resistant, respectively. Conclusion Prevalence of Salmonella and Shigella species were lower than most studies done in Ethiopia. Hand-washing habit, water source type, Open field waste disposal habit, raw meat consumption and rural residence were associated with Salmonellosis and shigellosis. All isolated Salmonella were sensitive to norfloxacin. The evidence from this study underscores the need for improved water, sanitation and hygiene (WASH) system and the imperative to implement drug susceptibility tests for the treatment of Salmonella and Shigella infection.

show abstract

Prevalence, Antibiotic Susceptibility Profile, and Associated Risk Factors of Salmonella Isolate among Diarrheal Patients Visiting Dessie Referral Hospital, Northeast Ethiopia

Cited by 5 publications

References 30 publications

Microbiological assessment reveals that Salmonella, Shigella and Campylobacter infections are widespread in HIV infected and uninfected patients with diarrhea in Mozambique

Microbiological assessment reveals that Salmonella, Shigella and Campylobacter infections are widespread in HIV infected and uninfected patients with diarrhea in Mozambique

Evaluation of three protocols for direct susceptibility testing for gram negative-Enterobacteriaceae from patient samples in Uganda with SMS reporting

Prevalence, associated factors and antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of Salmonella and Shigella species among diarrheic under five children in Sultan Sheik Hassan Yabere referral Hospital, Jigjiga, Eastern Ethiopia

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About