Prevalence, antimicrobial resistance, and molecular characterization of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus from bulk tank milk of dairy herds

Kreausukon, Khwanchai; Fetsch, A.; Kraushaar, Britta; Alt, K.; Müller, K.; Krömker, Volker; Zessin, Karl-Hans; Käsbohrer, Annemarie; Tenhagen, Bernd‐Alois

doi:10.3168/jds.2011-5198

Cited by 90 publications

(83 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…Although MRSA is comparatively rare in food, dairy milk might be one of the possible sources of MRSA because of wide use of antimicrobials for the treatment of mammary infections in cattle (2,22,24). The presence of MRSA strains in bovine milk has been reported in various countries, including Italy, Germany, England, and Turkey, and these data are consistent with in the results of the present study (2, 22, 35, 38).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 82%

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Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus in Raw Milk: Prevalence, SCCmec Typing, Enterotoxin Characterization, and Antimicrobial Resistance Patterns

Riva

Borghi

Cirasola

et al. 2015

Journal of Food Protection

116

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Staphylococcus aureus is a known major cause of foodborne illnesses, and raw milk and dairy products are often contaminated by enterotoxigenic and antimicrobial-resistant S. aureus strains. In the present study, 35 S. aureus strains were isolated from 383 raw milk samples collected from various dairy herds in the province of Milan (northern Italy). The isolates were characterized based on their antimicrobial susceptibility patterns and the presence of genes encoding staphylococcal enterotoxins (sea, seb, sec, sed, and see). About half (45.7%) of the strains were enterotoxigenic, and 37.1% were resistant to at least one of the antimicrobial drugs tested. Seven (20%) of 35 isolates were identified as methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA), and SCCmec typing performed with a multiplex PCR assay revealed the presence of gene cassettes IV and V, typical of communityacquired MRSA, and I and II, characteristic of health care-associated MRSA. The MRSA strains were evaluated for the presence of the Panton-Valentine leukocidin gene, but this gene was not found. The results of the present study revealed the presence of toxin-producing S. aureus and MRSA strains in raw milk. MRSA and enterotoxigenic S. aureus in dairy farms are an important risk factor for the spread of staphylococcal infections; therefore, further studies are needed to find strategies for monitoring and controlling the presence of S. aureus, especially MRSA, in dairy products.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 82%

“…Similar results were reported in Turkey (38): 17% of 93 S. aureus isolates were MRSA. The 1.8% prevalence of MRSA in our samples (7 of 383 samples) is comparable with the 2.3% prevalence reported in England (35) and Germany (22).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 72%

Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus in Raw Milk: Prevalence, SCCmec Typing, Enterotoxin Characterization, and Antimicrobial Resistance Patterns

Riva

Borghi

Cirasola

et al. 2015

Journal of Food Protection

116

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“…Para el caso de unos pocos aislamientos de S. aureus resistentes a los antibióticos β-lactámicos obtenidos en este estudio, el hallazgo podría asociarse a la presencia de algunas cepas del grupo del S. aureus resistente a meticilina (SARM), los cuales deben considerarse resistentes a todas las penicilinas, cafalosporinas, cefemas y otros β-lactámicos. Sin embargo, existen pocos reportes de SARM en este grupo de animales y en su leche (33)(34)(35)(36).…”

Section: Discussionunclassified

Tasa de incidencia de mastitis clínica y susceptibilidad antibiótica de patógenos productores de mastitis en ganado lechero del norte de Antioquia, Colombia

2017

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ResumenIntroducción: la mastitis se define como la inflamación de la glándula mamaria causante de grandes pérdidas económicas en hatos lecheros, lo que amerita su investigación. Objetivo: determinar la tasa de incidencia de mastitis clínica TIMC, la etiología asociada y la sensibilidad antibiótica de patógenos aislados de casos de mastitis en ganado lechero. Materiales y métodos: se siguieron 37 hatos por 12 meses para el diagnóstico de mastitis cílínica (MC). A las muestras de leche de los casos de MC se les realizó cultivo bacteriológico y a estas, así como a los aislamientos de casos de mastitis subclínica de un estudio previo, se les efectuó prueba de susceptibilidad antibiótica. Para el análisis de la información se utilizó estadística descriptiva estándar. Resultados: TIMC fue de 13,8 casos por 100 vacas-año a riesgo. Se aislaron 188 patógenos totales de casos de MC, entre los cuales el Streptococcus agalactiae, el Streptococcus pyogenes y el Corynebacterium spp. fueron los más frecuentes, con 29,8; 11,7 y 5,9 %, respectivamente. Se halló una alta sensibilidad de las bacterias contagiosas para los antibióticos cloxacilina y cefoperazone. Conclusiones: en el presente estudio se encontró una TIMC de 13,8 casos por 100 vacasaño a riesgo. Los patógenos más prevalentes identificados en casos de MC fueron contagiosos. Se encontró una alta sensibilidad de las bacterias contagiosas para la mayoría de los antibióticos β-lactámicos.Palabras clave: bovinos, leche, mastitis, prueba de sensibilidad antibiótica, resistencia antimicrobiana, tasa de incidencia de mastitis clínica.Incidence rate of clinical mastitis and antibiotic susceptibility of mastitis-producing pathogens in dairy cattle from Northern Antioquia, Colombia

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“…In a recent study in Germany, the prevalence of MRSA infection among dairy herds, based on testing of bulk tank milk samples, was 4.4 % (Kreausukon et al, 2012), and regional studies performed in southern Germany reported a comparable, while slightly lower, prevalence of 2.2 % . Similarly, studies on milk samples from dairy herds in southwest Germany indicated a prevalence of between 5.1 and 16.7 %, and MRSA was also isolated from bulk tank milk samples from the farms under investigation .…”

Section: Staphylococcus Aureus Including Meticillin-resistant Staphymentioning

confidence: 92%

Scientific Opinion on the public health risks related to the consumption of raw drinking milk

report¹

2015

EFSA Journal

120

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Raw drinking milk (RDM) has a diverse microbial flora which can include pathogens transmissible to humans. The main microbiological hazards associated with RDM from cows, sheep and goats, horses and donkeys and camels were identified using a decision tree approach. This considered evidence of milk-borne infection and the hazard being present in the European Union (EU), the impact of the hazard on human health and whether there was evidence for RDM as an important risk factor in the EU. The main hazards were Campylobacter spp., Salmonella spp., shigatoxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC), Brucella melitensis, Mycobacterium bovis and tick-borne encephalitis virus, and there are clear links between drinking raw milk and human illness associated with these hazards. A quantitative microbiological risk assessment for these hazards could not be undertaken because country and EU-wide data are limited. Antimicrobial resistance has been reported in several EU countries in some of the main bacterial hazards isolated from raw milk or associated equipment and may be significant for public health. Sale of RDM through vending machines is permitted in some EU countries, although consumers purchasing such milk are usually instructed to boil the milk before consumption, which would eliminate microbiological risks. With respect to internet sales of RDM, there is a need for microbiological, temperature and storage time data to assess the impact of this distribution route. Intrinsic contamination of RDM with pathogens can arise from animals with systemic infection as well as from localised infections such as mastitis. Extrinsic contamination can arise from faecal contamination and from the wider farm environment. It was not possible to rank control options as no single step could be identified which would significantly reduce risk relative to a baseline of expected good practice, although potential for an increase in risk was also noted. Improved risk communication to consumers is recommended. SUMMARYFollowing a request from the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA), the EFSA Panel on Biological Hazards (BIOHAZ) was asked to deliver a scientific opinion on the public health risks related to the consumption of raw drinking milk (RDM). In particular, the BIOHAZ Panel was requested to identify the main microbiological hazards of public health significance that may occur in RDM from different animal species, to assess the public health risk arising from the consumption of RDM, to assess the likelihood of RDM being a significant source of antimicrobial resistant bacteria/resistance genes, to assess the additional risks associated with the sale of RDM through vending machines and via the internet and to identify and rank potential control options to reduce public health risks arising from consumption of RDM.According to European Union (EU) legislation, "raw milk" is defined as milk produced by the secretion of the mammary gland of farmed animals that has not been heated to more than 40 °C or undergone any treatment that has an e...

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Prevalence, antimicrobial resistance, and molecular characterization of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus from bulk tank milk of dairy herds

Cited by 90 publications

References 23 publications

Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus in Raw Milk: Prevalence, SCCmec Typing, Enterotoxin Characterization, and Antimicrobial Resistance Patterns

Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus in Raw Milk: Prevalence, SCCmec Typing, Enterotoxin Characterization, and Antimicrobial Resistance Patterns

Tasa de incidencia de mastitis clínica y susceptibilidad antibiótica de patógenos productores de mastitis en ganado lechero del norte de Antioquia, Colombia

Scientific Opinion on the public health risks related to the consumption of raw drinking milk

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