Prevalence, Antimicrobial Resistance, and Pathogenic Potential of Enterotoxigenic and Enteropathogenic <i>Escherichia coli</i> Associated with Acute Diarrheal Patients in Tangail, Bangladesh

Rahman, Masuder; Ahmed, Parvez; Kar, A; Sakib, N; Shibly, Abu Zaffar; Zohora, Fatama Tous; Hasan, Nazmul

doi:10.1089/fpd.2019.2741

Cited by 9 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…The results obtained here are in accordance with a previous study in India where ETEC resistance to ciprofloxacin was reported (Chakraborty et al, 2001). In this investigation, it was observed that more than 60% of CS6harbouring ETEC isolates of this region showed resistance towards nalidixic acid, azithromycin and tetracycline which were also observed in ETEC strains of Bangladesh showing similar resistance to the above antibiotics (Rahman et al, 2020). A study in Eastern Odisha, India revealed that more than 50% of ETEC strains were resistant to ceftriaxone and 2.4% of those isolates were resistant to imipenem (Moharana et al, 2019), whereas our investigation showed only 6% strains were resistant to ceftriaxone and no strains were resistant to imipenem.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Distribution of virulence factors and its relatedness towards the antimicrobial response of enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli strains isolated from patients in Kolkata, India

Mondal

Bhakat

Chowdhury

et al. 2021

J of Applied Microbiology

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Aim: Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) is one of the most widely recognized diarrhoeal pathogens in developing countries. The advancement of ETEC vaccine development depends on the antigenic determinants of the ETEC isolates from a particular geographical region. So, the aim here was to comprehend the distribution of virulence determinants of the clinical ETEC strains of this region. Additionally, an attempt was made to find any correlation with the antimicrobial response pattern. Methods and results: Multiplex PCR was employed to identify virulence determinants followed by confirmatory singleplex PCR. For observation of antibiotic response, the Kirby-Bauer method was used. Out of 379 strains, 46% of strains harboured both the enterotoxins ST and LT, whereas 15% were LT only. Among the major colonization factors (CFs), CS6 (41%) was the most prevalent followed by CFA/I (35%) and CFA/ III was the lowest (3%). Among the minor CFs, CS21 (25%) was most prevalent, while CS15 showed the lowest (3%) presence. Among the non-classical virulence factors, EatA (69%) was predominant. ETEC strains harbouring CS6 showed resistance towards the commonly used drug Ciprofloxacin (70%). Conclusion: CS6 and elt+est toxin genes co-occurred covering 51% of the isolates. CS21 was found in most strains with est genes (43%). EatA was found to occur frequently when ST was present alone or with LT. CS6-harbouring strains showed an independent correlation to antimicrobial resistance. Significance and Impact of the Study: This study would aid in identifying the commonly circulating ETEC isolates of Kolkata, India, and their prevalent virulence determinants. Knowledge of antibiotic resistance patterns would also help in the appropriate use of antibiotics. Furthermore, the study would aid in identifying the multivalent antigens suitable for region-specific ETEC vaccines with maximum coverage.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Distribution of virulence factors and its relatedness towards the antimicrobial response of enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli strains isolated from patients in Kolkata, India

Mondal

Bhakat

Chowdhury

et al. 2021

J of Applied Microbiology

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“…We found that E. coli isolates were resistant to most antibiotics tested, except Meropenem (100% susceptible), Imipenem (100% susceptible), and to some extent tetracycline (66.4% susceptible), chloramphenicol (66.4%), and amikacin (70% susceptible). Other researchers working on patients' urinary tract infections [25], acute diarrhoea [26] and strains occurring in humans, animals or food [27,28] reported also a resistance of E. coli to multiple drugs. Here, 68% of E. coli isolates were found to be multidrug resistant (to more than 3 antibiotic families).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Animal source food eating habits of outpatients with antimicrobial resistance in Bukavu, D.R. Congo

Ngaruka

Neema

Mitima

et al. 2021

Antimicrob Resist Infect Control

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Background Antibiotic resistance is a public health concern in Democratic Republic Congo and worldwide. It is usually caused by antibiotic over prescription or dispensing practices. The consumption of animal source food (ASF) could be another source of antibiotic resistance but is rarely studied. The objective of the study was to evaluate the eating habits of ASF by outpatients with antimicrobial resistance through an analysis of (i) the association of their antimicrobial resistance with ASF consumption; (ii) the influence of the types of ASF on their antimicrobial resistance. Methods This is a retrospective analytical study conducted at three major Hospitals in Bukavu City (D. R. Congo). A total number of 210 patients, whose samples (mainly faeces and urine) had been subjected to bacterial examination, was included in this study. Morphological, biochemical and antibiotic susceptibility (using disc diffusion method) tests were performed on the samples. This served to isolate and identify resistant bacteria. Afterwards, patients responded to questions about the types and quantity of ASF eaten in the last week. We analysed data using descriptive statistics, logistic regression and non-parametric ranking tests. Results Escherichia coli (37.1%), Klebsiella pneumonae (14.7%), and Staphylococcus aureus (13.8%) were the most prevalent bacteria. E. coli (68.4%) and K. pneumonae (87.5%) were multidrug resistant (MDR), while S. aureus (7.7%) was minor. Low beef (O.R. 0.737, C.I. 0.542–1.002) and pork (O.R. 0.743, C.I. 0.560 – 0.985) consumption led to significantly (p < 0.05) lower risks of resistance to ciprofloxacin. Patients eating three different ASF per week had the highest resistance score (20.67) and high consumption rates of goat meat, pork and milk (41.5%). Conclusion The findings of this study suggest a contribution of human nutrition to antimicrobial resistance frequency. Our results show the existence of a high prevalence of multi-drug resistant bacteria in patients for which eating beef, pork and drinking milk are major risk factors. Therefore, a stricter control of antibiotic usage in livestock production and of their presence in ASF is recommended.

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“… 41 , 44 Although some strains of E. coli isolated from human diarrheal cases were lacking the known virulence determinants other than the EAST1 gene thus making it a potential virulence factor. 41 , 45 During the second international symposium on EPEC conducted in 1995 in São Paulo, Brazil, most of the participants had agreed and defined EPEC as DEC that produces characteristic histopathology known as attaching and effacing (A/E) on intestinal cells and not expressing Shiga-toxin genes. 14 However, the tEPEC strains harbor a virulence plasmid known as the EPEC adherence factor (EAF) plasmid.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Virulence Characteristics, Antibiotic Resistance Patterns and Molecular Typing of Enteropathogenic Producing Escherichia coli (EPEC) Isolates in Eastern Province of Saudi Arabia: 2013–2014

Yamani¹,

Elhadi²

2022

IDR

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Introduction The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia has limited data on enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (EPEC). Therefore, this study was undertaken to contribute to EPEC surveillance and investigate the molecular epidemiology of EPEC strains that have been implicated in human infection in King Fahd Hospital of the University (KFHU) between 2013 and 2014 in the Eastern Province of Saudi Arabia. Methods A total of 60 non-duplicate E. coli isolates associated with human gastroenteritis were included in this study. They were characterized using PCR to determine virulence genes, antimicrobial resistance patterns, and enterobacterial repetitive intergenic consensus (ERIC-PCR). Results Among the 60 strains, 20% of those examined were positive for the intimin eae and bfpA genes and identified as typical EPEC (tEPEC). Furthermore, 44 of E. coli strains tested positive for the eae gene only and revealed a high occurrence rate of 73.3% of atypical EPEC (aEPEC) within the overall examined strains. All strains were positive for the EAST1 gene, and none tested positive for the stx gene. More than 70% of EPEC strains were multi-drug resistant (MDR) and aEPEC strains with the highest proportion of this feature of MDR. ERIC-PCR fingerprint revealed a total of 19 ERIC types with eight related distinct clusters and a similarity rate cut-off with ≥90% homology from the identified isolates. Conclusion A high antibiotic resistance rate was reported for first-line antibiotics, such as ampicillin, tetracycline, nalidixic acid, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, noroxin, and ciprofloxacin.

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Prevalence, Antimicrobial Resistance, and Pathogenic Potential of Enterotoxigenic and Enteropathogenic Escherichia coli Associated with Acute Diarrheal Patients in Tangail, Bangladesh

Cited by 9 publications

References 20 publications

Distribution of virulence factors and its relatedness towards the antimicrobial response of enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli strains isolated from patients in Kolkata, India

Distribution of virulence factors and its relatedness towards the antimicrobial response of enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli strains isolated from patients in Kolkata, India

Animal source food eating habits of outpatients with antimicrobial resistance in Bukavu, D.R. Congo

Virulence Characteristics, Antibiotic Resistance Patterns and Molecular Typing of Enteropathogenic Producing Escherichia coli (EPEC) Isolates in Eastern Province of Saudi Arabia: 2013–2014

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